The Effect of Flow Rate on a Third-Generation Sub-Ohm Tank Electronic Nicotine Delivery System—Comparison of CORESTA Flow Rates to More Realistic Flow Rates

Floyd, Evan L.; Greenlee, Sara; Oni, Toluwanimi; Sadhasivam, Balaji; Queimado, Lurdes

doi:10.3390/ijerph18147535

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The use of a CORESTA regime on devices intended for DTL vaping leads to the narrowing of the power range of the optimal regime range by decreasing its maximal power. This has been confirmed by experimental results reported by Soulet et al [8] (see Figure 2a below) and Floyd et al [52]. Therefore, experiments of this type can lead to overheating conditions, even under the power range required by the manufacturer.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions

Soulet

Sussman

2022

Toxics

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We review the literature on laboratory studies quantifying the production of potentially toxic organic byproducts (carbonyls, carbon monoxide, free radicals and some nontargeted compounds) in e-cigarette (EC) aerosol emissions, focusing on the consistency between their experimental design and a realistic usage of the devices, as determined by the power ranges of an optimal regime fulfilling a thermodynamically efficient process of aerosol generation that avoids overheating and “dry puffs”. The majority of the reviewed studies failed in various degrees to comply with this consistency criterion or supplied insufficient information to verify it. Consequently, most of the experimental outcomes and risk assessments are either partially or totally unreliable and/or of various degrees of questionable relevance to end users. Studies testing the devices under reasonable approximation to realistic conditions detected levels of all organic byproducts that are either negligible or orders of magnitude lower than in tobacco smoke. Our review reinforces the pressing need to update and improve current laboratory standards by an appropriate selection of testing parameters and the logistical incorporation of end users in the experimental design.

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supporting

confidence: 77%

Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions

Soulet

Sussman

2022

Toxics

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“…In two recent extensive reviews, we highlighted this lack of information in numerous studies that looked at the presence of metals, aldehydes, free radicals and carbon monoxide in EC emissions 17 , 18 . The main problem we found was the testing of high powered subohm EC devices by puffing them with a low airflow rate, led to an excessive presence of toxic byproducts in the emissions, a phenomenon that does not occur when applying high airflow rates to these devices 19 , 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and chemical characterizations of a reference e-cigarette used in animal testing

Soulet,

Constans,

Quinty

2023

Sci Rep

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A minimal necessary condition for preclinical studies to contribute to risk assessments of e-cigarettes (ECs) is the ability to expose laboratory animals to an appropriate dosage of aerosols. In this study, we examined the fulfilment of this essential consistency condition for the ECX-Joyetech E-Vic Mini (ECX), a piece of computerized exposure equipment manufactured by SCIREQ, which has been employed by numerous in vivo testing. We began by calibrating the customary Evic VTC mini device mod and the 4 coils available, reproducing in the laboratory the operation of the ECX in the power-control and temperature-control modes, using puffing parameters recommended by its documentation. We then conducted the following tests for each coil: (1) verifying whether the generated aerosols satisfy an optimal operational regime, free from overheating, as determined by a linear relation between the mass of vaporized e-liquid vs. supplied power and (2) obtaining the mean yields of aldehydes for each of the tested power settings and coils. The results of these tests show that, under the main conditions used in in vivo testing, the ECX equipment fails to comply with these consistency requirements, especially for coils with low subohm resistance, a shortcoming that can be corrected by applying much larger airflows for these coils. Therefore, the outcomes of preclinical studies using the ECX equipment should be examined with great scepticism and subjected to further testing.

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“…At 4.8 V, nicotine levels were approximately 150, 400 and 1000 µg/puff for resistances of 1.5, 0.5 and 0.15 Ω, respectively. Floyd et al [54] reported nicotine yields of 66.6 165.6 and 198.4 µg/puff at 25, 50 and 75 W, respectively, using an atomizer with 0.5 Ω coil resistance. = calculated using the amount of E-liquid vaporized per puff, puff number, initial nicotine concentration and volume of E-liquid and maximal final volume of culture media.…”

Section: E-liquid Vaporization and Aerosol Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Validation of an Economical, Programmable, Dual-Channel, Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Generator

Palazzolo

Caudill

Baron

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Vaping (inhalation of electronic cigarette-generated aerosol) is a public health concern. Due to recent spikes in adolescent use of electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) and vaping-induced illnesses, demand for scientific inquiry into the physiological effects of electronic cigarette (ECIG) aerosol has increased. For such studies, standardized and consistent aerosol production is required. Many labs generate aerosol by manually activating peristaltic pumps and ECIG devices simultaneously in a predefined manner. The tedium involved with this process (large puff number over time) and risk of error in keeping with puff topography (puff number, duration, interval) are less than optimal. Furthermore, excess puffing on an ECIG device results in battery depletion, reducing aerosol production, and ultimately, its chemical and physical nature. While commercial vaping machines are available, the cost of these machines is prohibitive to many labs. For these reasons, an economical and programmable ECIG aerosol generator, capable of generating aerosol from two atomizers simultaneously, was fabricated, and subsequently validated. Validation determinants include measurements of atomizer temperatures (inside and outside), electrical parameters (current, resistance and power) of the circuitry, aerosol particle distribution (particle counts and mass concentrations) and aerosol delivery (indexed by nicotine recovery), all during stressed conditions of four puffs/minute for 75 min (i.e., 300 puffs). Validation results indicate that the ECIG aerosol generator is better suited for experiments involving ≤ 100 puffs. Over 100 puffs, the amount of variation in the parameters measured tends to increase. Variations between channels are generally higher than variations within a channel. Despite significant variations in temperatures, electrical parameters, and aerosol particle distributions, both within and between channels, aerosol delivery remains remarkably stable for up to 300 puffs, yielding over 25% nicotine recovery for both channels. In conclusion, this programmable, dual-channel ECIG aerosol generator is not only affordable, but also allows the user to control puff topography and eliminate battery drain of ECIG devices. Consequently, this aerosol generator is valid, reliable, economical, capable of using a variety of E-liquids and amenable for use in a vast number of studies investigating the effects of ECIG-generated aerosol while utilizing a multitude of puffing regimens in a standardized manner.

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The Effect of Flow Rate on a Third-Generation Sub-Ohm Tank Electronic Nicotine Delivery System—Comparison of CORESTA Flow Rates to More Realistic Flow Rates

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions

Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions

Physical and chemical characterizations of a reference e-cigarette used in animal testing

Fabrication and Validation of an Economical, Programmable, Dual-Channel, Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Generator

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