The effect of forest floor on soil microbial and enzyme indices after forest harvesting operations in Hyrcanian deciduous forests

Sohrabi, Hadi; Jourgholami, Meghdad; Labelle, Eric R.

doi:10.1007/s10342-022-01486-0

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Litter layer performs a key function in governing the C and N cycles of plant and soil in the forest stands, and regulates soil microclimate by acting as a buffer between the soil surface and the atmosphere (Sayer, 2006). Clear cutting and subsequent reforestation clearly affect the primary net fertility of the forest and thus change the inputs of aboveground litter to the soil (Miao et al, 2019; Nazari et al, 2020; Sohrabi et al, 2022). Litter quality, soil microbial populations, soil fauna, and environmental elements are considered as the main stimuli of litter decomposition, which significantly plays a key role in the recovery of soil bulk density (García‐Palacios et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Logging operations cause different types of corruption to the soil such as soil compaction and disturbance. Such impacts can cause alterations in biogeochemical cycles (Sohrabi et al, 2019) and hydrological disturbance (Picchio et al, 2021; Sohrabi et al, 2022). Alterations in soil conditions influence soil properties to some extent (Sohrabi et al, 2021; Zetterberg et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Kiumarsi,

Jourgholami,

Jafari

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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Among the various species of trees, black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is one of the most commonly used trees for the reforestation and restoration programs of degraded forestlands in the Hyrcanian forest, particularly in the skid trails. The effects of reforestation with black alder on the recovery of litter (thickness, C, N, C/N) and soil physicochemical, biochemical, biological, and microbial properties in the skid trails with three levels of compactions were examined over a 27‐year period. Results showed that the litter characteristics such as thickness, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and C/N were at the highest level in low intensity traffic as compared to those of medium and frequent intensities. Results showed that the values of total porosity, macroporosity, aggregate stability, silt, and clay were at the lowest level in the natural stand. The highest values of soil pH, C, C/N ratio, and C storage were recorded under the skid trail with frequent machine passages. The restoration values of soil physical and chemical properties were significantly higher in the low level of machine traffic after a period of 27 years where black alder reforestation was performed on the skid trails, as compared to the medium and frequent machine traffic levels, as well as the undisturbed area. Black alder litter affected soil nitrogen and the maximum amounts of earthworm density and dry mass. This also includes fine root biomass. These data were recorded in the trails with low machine traffic as compared to those of medium and frequent traffic. The results clearly showed that black alder is effective in reaching the objectives of restoration programs, given that it promotes soil organic matter, builds up soil structure via root‐soil feedback, and improves the soil by creating a major source of nitrogen through enhancing the nitrogen cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Kiumarsi,

Jourgholami,

Jafari

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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“…The area of Hyrcanian forests in northern Iran is about 1.9 million ha, of which an area equal to 1.07 million ha has been exploited in the past decades. Disturbance in a forest's hydrological function leads to an increase in the soil erosion intensity, the loss of topsoil, and a decrease in its water holding capacity [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Undisturbed forest areas usually have the least runoff and sediment production among all ecosystems due to the presence of tree and herbaceous cover, a litter layer, and tree remains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Group- and Single-Tree-Selection Cuttings on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Mixed Broadleaved Forests, Northern Iran

Samdaliri,

Jourgholami,

Salajegheh

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Silvicultural treatment and the forest harvesting operations using different methods can lead to an increase in the production of runoff and sediment by changing the canopy and soil surface where they are conducted. In order to investigate this issue, sampling plots were established in the Namkhaneh district of the Kheyrud forest with three replications for every treatment: control stand and tree harvesting systems using single-selection cuttings and group-selection cuttings. The amount of runoff and sediment was collected and estimated from precipitation over a period of one year. Also, some soil physical properties such as bulk density, penetration resistance, sand, silt, and clay content, soil moisture, and soil organic matter were measured. The results showed that tree harvesting systems has a significant effect on runoff, the runoff coefficient, and sediment but the season (growing season and fall) and the combined effect of tree harvesting systems and the season have no significant effect on the runoff coefficient and sediment. The mean runoffs of each rainfall event for the control, single-tree, and group-selection treatments were 5.67, 8.42, and 10.28 mm, respectively, and the sediment amounts were 3.42, 6.70, and 11.82 gr/m2, respectively. Furthermore, the total annual erosion amounts of the control, selection, and grouping treatments were 0.427, 0.838, and 2.178 t/ha, respectively. The bulk density, penetration resistance, and percentage of sand and silt were positively related and the percentages of clay and organic matter were negatively related with the amount of runoff and sediment. In the method of individual selection cuttings, the damage to the forest in terms of the amount of runoff and soil erosion was less than for the group-selection cuttings. Forest harvesting by the selection method (single-selection and group-selection) has caused different changes in the vegetation canopy. The final summary of our results could be the advice to predominantly use the single-selection method in high-slope stands.

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“…Forest soils play a key role in maintaining the fertility, health, and services of the ecosystem [1][2][3] and provide nutrients, organic matter, and water [4][5][6]. Maintaining proper soil quality is one of the key goals of sustainable forest management, taking into consideration that enhanced erosion is among the major concerns of ground-based forest operations [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Organic Mulches on Water Erosion Control for Skid Trails in the Hyrcanian Mixed Forests

Tibash,

Jourgholami,

Moghaddam Nia

et al. 2023

Forests

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Ground-based skidding can lead to severe soil disturbance by increasing surface water flow and soil erosion. Organic mulches have been shown to be effective in contrasting this type of soil disturbance, although the cost/benefit aspect has yet to be studied. This study, by installing runoff sample plots, aims to elucidate the effects of litter (LM) and sawdust (SM) mulches with three application rates (litter: 7.6 Mg ha−1 LM7.6, 14.6 Mg ha−1 LM14.6, 22.5 Mg ha−1 LM22.5; sawdust: 5.3 Mg ha−1 SM5.3, 11.4 Mg ha−1 SM11.4, 16.7 Mg ha−1 SM16.7) on runoff, soil, and nutrient loss (nitrate and phosphate) in skid trails established in the Hyrcanian forest. The results were also compared to the undisturbed area (UND) and to an untreated skid trail (UNT). The results showed that both litter and sawdust mulch significantly decreased runoff, soil loss, and nitrate and phosphate loss. The values of runoff, runoff coefficient, soil loss, NO3, and PO4 were at the highest level in the untreated skid trails (UNTs). The runoff, runoff coefficient, soil loss, NO3, and PO4 gradually decreased as the application rate of both the litter (LM) and sawdust (SM) mulches increased. According to the results, it is possible to conclude that the mulch application rates of 7.6–14.6 Mg ha−1 and 5.3–11.4 Mg ha−1 for litter and sawdust mulch, respectively, can be applied to maintain soil and water conservation after logging operations on skid trails. The obtained findings can help to shape specific best-management practices for the implementation of sustainable forest operations in the context of the study area, by indicating suitable mulch types and application rates to decrease the negative effects of erosion.

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The effect of forest floor on soil microbial and enzyme indices after forest harvesting operations in Hyrcanian deciduous forests

Cited by 13 publications

References 79 publications

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

The Impact of Group- and Single-Tree-Selection Cuttings on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Mixed Broadleaved Forests, Northern Iran

The Effects of Organic Mulches on Water Erosion Control for Skid Trails in the Hyrcanian Mixed Forests

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The effect of forest floor on soil microbial and enzyme indices after forest harvesting operations in Hyrcanian deciduous forests

Cited by 13 publications

References 79 publications

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N2‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N2‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

The Impact of Group- and Single-Tree-Selection Cuttings on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Mixed Broadleaved Forests, Northern Iran

The Effects of Organic Mulches on Water Erosion Control for Skid Trails in the Hyrcanian Mixed Forests

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Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)