The Effect of Gamma Radiation on Plant Morphological Characteristics of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Abstract

Induced mutation through gamma irradiation can cause changes in chromosome and genome, which bring to successful variation in the morphology of plant. This study investigates the effect of gamma radiation on mutation frequency and plant morphology of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The ginger rhizomes of Bentong and Tanjung Sepat cultivars were treated with gamma rays at six different dosages (5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 Gray). The gamma ray was emitted from the Caesium-137 source at the rate of 4.31 Gy per minute at Malaysian Nuclear Agency irradiator facility. Different mutation characteristics and wide of mutation spectrum was observed in all treatments. The spectrums of mutant characters observed were stunted growth, plant stature, leaf deformation, and chlorophyll mutation. The results show that mutation effects on morphological characteristics were varied in respective doses and varieties. Therefore, the results proved that different doses of mutagen caused different effects on plant and it was a variety-dependent.

Morphology and physiology of Echinacea purpurea in the vegetative phase result of gamma ray irradiation

“…This suggests irradiated plants have better adaptability in high-temperature environments than control plants. Low-dose irradiation alters hormonal signals in plant cells or increases the number of anti-oxidative cells to cope with environmental stress [11]. Increased dose of irradiation linear with an increase in leaf area although not significant.…”

“…Low doses of gamma-ray irradiation can stimulate tissue meristem activity, triggering high plant growth, but high doses of irradiation can damage plant cells. Hydroxyl radicals are products produced by reactions between water and radiation that cause damage to chromosomes [11]. High doses of gamma-ray irradiated seeds can disrupt plant growth because hormone balance, protein synthesis, and enzyme activity are disrupted [12], such as reduced bioactive content of Giberelat Acid (GA) or inhibition of GA signaling [13].…”

Determination of optimum dose based of biological responses of lethal dose (LD25, 50, 75) and growth reduction (GR25, 50, 75) in ‘Yaghouti’ grape due to gamma radiation

“…Amasya; Surakshitha and Soorianathasundaram 22 in grapes cv. Red Globe and Muscat; Yadav 38 in Canscora decurrens Dalz; Al-Mousa et al 36 in grape cv. Black Matrouh.…”

“…Furthermore, there were no significant differences in node number and internode distance between the control and low doses of γ irradiation, whereas high doses of γ irradiation resulted in dwarf plants with short internode distances. Additionally, Abdullah et al 36 reported that the variation in plant height in the mutants was caused by an alteration in the intermodal length. Growth internode decreases may be due to auxin disintegration, ineffective assimilation systems, or suppression of mitosis and chromosomal destruction, leading to secondary physiological and morphological effects.…”

Field evaluation of the potential of drought-tolerant sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) mutants based on morpho-agronomic characters

“…A mutation breeding scheme is one of the tools to develop a new variety. Mutations cause changes in various characters, including morphology [5], physiology [6], and agronomy [7][8], resulting in mutants with new characters that are different from the original cultivars. Some of the changes are positive and useful in breeding programs, such as increased plant height and cane yield [9].…”