The effect of gender in diagnosing early schizophrenia

Høye, Anne; Rezvy, Grigory; Hansen, Vidje; Olstad, Reidun

doi:10.1007/s00127-006-0066-y

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This finding is curious as most schizophrenia studies have not found a sex difference in mortality risk or have found a higher risk for males. However, one recent study from Norway 41 found that women with schizophrenia who had been hospitalized showed an increased difference in mortality risk relative to the general population in the period 1992-2006 compared with an earlier period, 1980-1992; in the recent time period, women were also found to have an increase in absolute mortality compared with the earlier period, approaching that of men. It has also been noted that women with schizophrenia may be at particular risk for cardiovascular disease and associated mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Serological Predictors

Dickerson

Stallings

Origoni

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Persons with schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy largely due to death from natural causes. Factors that have been previously associated with excess mortality include cigarette smoking and antipsychotic medication. The role of other environmental factors such as exposure to infectious agents has been the subject of only limited investigation. We prospectively assessed a cohort of persons with schizophrenia with a clinical evaluation and a blood sample from which antibodies to human herpes viruses and Toxoplasma gondii were measured. Mortality was determined with data from the National Death Index following a period of up to 11 years. We examined the role of demographic, serological, and clinical factors on mortality. A total of 25 (5%) of 517 persons died of natural causes. The standardized mortality ratio was 2.80 (95% CI 0.89, 6.38). After adjusting for age and gender, mortality from natural causes was predicted in separate models by cigarette smoking (relative risk [RR] = 4.66, P = .0029); lower cognitive score (RR = 0.96, P = .013); level of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (RR = 1.22, P = .0041) and to Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (RR = 1.19, P = .030); immunologic disease (RR = 3.14, P = .044); and genitourinary disease (RR = 2.70; P = .035). Because cigarette smoking confers an almost 5-fold risk of mortality, smoking cessation is an urgent priority. Having an elevated level of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and to Herpes Simplex virus type 1 are also significant predictors of death from natural causes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Serological Predictors

Dickerson

Stallings

Origoni

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…According to Høye et al [10], psychiatrists tend to diagnose schizophrenia more often in men than women, so women might have been diagnosed with other psychoses. Therefore, the diagnosis of other psychoses should be studied in relation to prevalence and service use by gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Service Use in a Sample of People with Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses

Iniesta

Ochoa²,

Usall³

2012

Schizophrenia Research and Treatment

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Objective. The main objective is to analyze the use of mental health services in a sample of people with schizophrenia and other psychoses according to gender. Method. The sample of this observational and retrospective study (n = 7483) consisted of all the persons who visited any mental health service of the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu from 2001 to 2007 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and other psychoses. The main measures analyzed regarding gender were the frequency of patients for each diagnosis, their risk of being admitted into hospital, and the number and length of hospitalizations for the subsample of inpatient people during the study period. Results. Men are more frequent in the total sample (58.1%). For diagnosis of schizoaffective or delusional disorder, women have a higher frequency than men. Women with diagnosis of schizophrenia have a lower risk of being admitted to the hospital (RR = 0.84, 95% CI (0.72, 0.97)). We found a higher risk of longer stays for men with schizophrenia of the disorganized type (RR = 0.49, 95% CI (0.30, 0.81)), undifferentiated (RR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.27, 0.61)), or delusional disorder (RR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.49, 0.87)). Conclusion. Gender of patients is a relevant variable in mental health service use by patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses.

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“…Previous publications from the present study have shown that participants with alcohol related disorders in this sample were older than those with drug use disorders [34]. The variable gender was not significant, which is interesting since prior studies have found that the gender of the patient is an important factor with respect to both the distribution of mental disorders [10] and diagnostic practice [38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…In this study, we wanted to investigate to which extent co-occurring psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in a clinical population of substance abusers. We were also interested in factors influencing diagnostic practice, and to which extent diagnostic practice varied with the variables that we had data on [38]. We hypothesized that there would be differences in diagnostic practice according to which extent a systematic diagnostic tool (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factors influence psychiatric diagnosing in substance abuse treatment?

Wynn

Landheim

Hoxmark

2013

Int J Ment Health Syst

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BackgroundThe importance of diagnosing and treating co-occurring psychiatric disorders among substance abusers in treatment has received much attention. The aim of this study was to investigate to which extent co-occurring psychiatric disorders are diagnosed in a clinical population of substance abusers, and which factors (including the use of MINI-Plus) that influence the diagnosing of co-occurring psychiatric disorders.MethodsPatients (N = 275) who received inpatient substance use treatment in five different units in Northern Norway participated in the study. The patients’ clinicians gave information on diagnoses given during the stay in the units, and whether a systematic diagnostic tool was used for the diagnosing (MINI-Plus). Predictors of independent co-occurring psychiatric disorders were examined utilizing hierarchical regression analysis.ResultsOne third of the patients were given an independent psychiatric diagnosis. Less than half of the patients were assessed using a diagnostic tool. The main predictor of diagnosing of independent psychiatric disorders was the use of the diagnostic tool MINI-Plus. Younger patients and patients that used less alcohol, were given independent psychiatric diagnoses more frequently.ConclusionsThe number of co-occurring independent psychiatric diagnoses was lower compared to other studies using standardized diagnostic tools. The low number of patients assessed by such a tool, and the strong relationship between the use of such a tool and the diagnosing of co-occurring psychiatric disorders, suggest that the implementation of standardized diagnostic tools should be addressed in the units. Generally, patients suffering from substance use disorders should be systematically screened for other psychiatric disorders, in order to improve their treatment and health.

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The effect of gender in diagnosing early schizophrenia

Abstract: Patient gender in itself affects clinicians' diagnostic practice regarding schizophrenia, as schizophrenia diagnosis is given significantly more often to a male case description than to a female one, the descriptions being otherwise identical.

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Mortality in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Serological Predictors

Mortality in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Serological Predictors

Gender Differences in Service Use in a Sample of People with Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses

Which factors influence psychiatric diagnosing in substance abuse treatment?

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