The effect of general anesthesia on canine lymphocyte function

Felsburg, Peter J.; Keyes, Lynette; Krawiec, D R; Rubin, Stanley A.

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(86)90049-8

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…General anaesthesia is known to suppress immune function in both humans and domestic dogs (Felsburg et al , 1986; Fescharek et al , 1994). Wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem were immobilized with telazol (A.H. Robins Co, Richmond, VA), xylazine (Rompun, Bayer) and ketamine (Vetalar, Parke Davis) (Alexander et al ., 1993b; Gascoyne et al ., 1993b).…”

Section: The Handling‐immunosuppression Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two pieces of evidence argue against an effect of immobilization agents on rabies infection in wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem. Firstly, in domestic dogs immune function is restored within 1-4 days of anaes-thesia (Felsburg et al, 1986), yet wild dogs died or disappeared several months after immobilization (Burrows et al, 1994(Burrows et al, , 1995. Secondly, Burrows et al (1994) reported the shortest longevity for dart-vaccinated wild dogs -animals which were never immobilized.…”

Section: Immobilization Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the risks of intervention: immobilization, radio-collaring and vaccination of African wild dogs

Woodroffe¹

2001

Oryx

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Controversy has surrounded the role of intervention in studies of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus. Following the death or disappearance of all wild dogs under study in the Serengeti ecosystem, it was suggested that immobilization, radio-collaring or administration of rabies vaccines might have caused high mortality by compromising wild dogs' immune response to rabies virus. Planning future management and research on wild dogs and other species demands an assessment of the risks associated with such intervention. This paper critically reviews the available evidence and concludes that it is extremely unlikely that intervention contributed to the extinction of wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem. A more likely scenario is that vaccination failed to protect wild dogs exposed to rabies virus. Radio-collaring is an important component of wild dog research; hence, the bene®ts of immobilization appear to outweigh the risks, as long as (i) research is orientated towards wild dog conservation, (ii) radiocollaring is followed up by ef®cient monitoring, (iii) the number of animals immobilized is kept to the minimum necessary to maintain scienti®c rigour, and (iv) full data on disease and genetics are collected from all immobilized animals. By contrast, rabies vaccination currently seems to confer few bene®ts, at least when a single dose of vaccine is given. Further research, on captive animals, is in progress to establish more effective protocols, and to assess the role that vaccination might play in future management of wild dog populations.

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Section: The Handling‐immunosuppression Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immobilization Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the risks of intervention: immobilization, radio-collaring and vaccination of African wild dogs

Woodroffe¹

2001

Oryx

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“…BEA cited studies demonstrating that: (i) commonplace stressful events can compromise cellular and antibody immunity (see also Gust et al 1992); (ii) both cellular and antibody immunity are im portant in combating rabies infections; (iii) single events of anaesthesia may depress cellular and antibody im munity, increasing susceptibility to infection (see also Thomas et al 1982;Hansbrough al. 1985;Felsburg et al 1986); (iv) immunosuppression after vaccination induced outbreaks of canine distemper (CD) in captive Lycaon. Immunosuppression due to anaesthesia and surgical traum a (Medleau et al 1983) may explain high mortality (53%, GEA) of radio-implanted Kruger L y c a o n, a mortality twice that of unhandled Serengeti Lycaon in the 1980s (BEA).…”

Section: Stress and Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics, intervention and survival in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)

Burrows

Hofer

East

1995

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The demography of Serengeti wild dog study packs and their extinction in 1991 was documented by Burrows et al. (1994). One explanation for pack loss compatible with demographic evidence was viral disease induced by stress caused by intervention (vaccination, immobilization and radio-collaring). Several studies claim to reject this hypothesis. However, cortisol levels measured in immobilized Lycaon, whose pathogen exposure is unknown, do not demonstrate that interventions in the Serengeti were benign. The analysis of survivorship in Lycaon in other ecosystems minimized the chance of demonstrating any effect of intervention and failed to consider vaccinations as intervention. There is now evidence that intervention significantly decreased survivorship of Masai Mara Lycaon. Further simulations of the likelihood of population extinction in Serengeti Lycaon, evidence of limited population variability and a small scaling factor in Serengeti Lycaon strengthen Burrows et al.'s conclusion that the extinction was unlikely to be due to chance alone. Although some studies claim that Lycaon conservation is doomed without intervention, to date vaccinations, blood sampling and radio-telemetry have contributed little to Lycaon conservation. All studies fail to disprove the Burrows hypothesis or provide convincing alternatives.

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“…5,17,[19][20][21] Although the neutrophils also play important roles in nonspecific defense mechanisms, 25,27) Thirteen clinically healthy female dogs (11 mongrel and two Shiba dogs), aging 7 months to 5 years old and weighing from 7.4 to 11.0 kg were used in this study. All dogs were normal in blood and fecal examinations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ovariohysterectomy under the Halothane Anesthesia on Canine Neutrophil Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) Reduction Ability.

直之¹

1992

Japanese Journal of Veterinary Anesthesia & Surgery

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SUMMARYThe effect of ovariohysterectomy under the halothane anesthesia on canine neutrophil function was investigated.The ovariohysterectomy was performed in 13 clinically healthy female dogs. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test was performed before and after operation. The percent positive cells in NBT reduction test without stimulation (resting NBT reduction test) was significantly decreased immediately after operation (p<0.01) and at 1 day postoperation (p<0.01).The NBT reduction test with stimulation with endotoxin (stimulated NBT reduction rest) was significantly decreased immediately after operation (p-0.001) and at 1 day postoperation (p<0.001).The difference in percent positive cells between stimulated and resting NBT test at each sampling time was also significantly decreased immediately after operation and at 1 day postoperation (p-0.01, respectively). The decrease in the percent positive cells of NET reduction tests and the difference between stimulated and resting NBT test recovered to the preoperative values at 7 days postoperation.The results suggest that NBT reduction ability in canine neutrophils is suppressed after ovariohysterectomy under the halothane anesthesia.

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The effect of general anesthesia on canine lymphocyte function

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Assessing the risks of intervention: immobilization, radio-collaring and vaccination of African wild dogs

Assessing the risks of intervention: immobilization, radio-collaring and vaccination of African wild dogs

Population dynamics, intervention and survival in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)

Effect of Ovariohysterectomy under the Halothane Anesthesia on Canine Neutrophil Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) Reduction Ability.

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