The effect of harvest intensity on long-term calcium dynamics in soil and soil solution at three coniferous sites in Sweden

Zetterberg, Therese; Olsson, Bengt A.; Löfgren, Stefan; Brömssen, Claudia von; Brandtberg, P.-O.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.030

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Furthermore, the soil stores of Ca 2+ increased in the 2LR and 4LR treatments compared with the 0LR treatment, while no overall effect of treatment could be detected for the Ca 2+ concentration in the soil water during preceding years (Table 2). Zetterberg et al (2013) detected lower Ca 2+ concentrations in the soil water collected in whole-tree harvested plots than in stem-only harvested plots 27-30 years after harvesting. The soil stores of Mg 2+ were not significantly affected by treatment (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Gundersen et al (2006) concluded that the response in NO 3 -leaching to stem-only and whole-tree harvesting seemed to depend on pre-existing site conditions. The importance of site-specific conditions has been illustrated further in subsequent studies (Kreutzweiser et al 2008;Thiffault et al 2011;Devine et al 2012;Zetterberg et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Logging residues from a Sitka spruce plantation in Great Britain released organic N but immobilized incoming NO 3 - (Emmett et al 1991). Effects of whole-tree harvesting on the soil stores of C, N, P and exchangeable K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ have been reported (inter alia Nykvist and Rosén 1985;Kreutzweiser et al 2008;Thiffault et al 2011;Zetterberg et al 2013;Kaarakka et al 2014). However, the reported effects tended to vary inter alia with the studied element, soil layer and time after harvest (Thiffault et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of logging residues at two harvested forest sites in Sweden

Ring¹,

Högbom²,

Nohrstedt³

et al. 2015

Silva Fenn.

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Logging residues (LR),i.e. tops, branches, and needles, are increasingly being harvested for energy production in Fennoscandia. These residues are temporarily piled on site awaiting transport. This study was undertaken to investigate effects on the soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of LR at two recently harvested coniferous sites in Sweden. Seven treatments were included and the studied amounts of LR ranged from no LR left on the ground to four times the estimated LR amount of the harvested stands. Two treatments included eight times the estimated LR amount of the harvested stands but here the LR were removed after 7 or 20 weeks. Soil-water samples were collected during the first six or seven growing seasons. Effects of treatment were detected in the soil water for 11 chemical variables at the northern site, and for the NO and Cl concentrations at the southern site. The strongest response was generally found in the treatment with four times the estimated LR amount, for which the highest concentrations were recorded in most cases. In the first three seasons, the water flux through the LR decreased with an increasing amount of residue. Effects on the exchangeable store of Ca in the mor layer and the upper 20 cm of the mineral soil was detected at both sites. At the northern site, the weight of the remaining LR, ground vegetation and all other material above the mor layer in the treatments with two and four times the estimated LR amount was roughly twice the corresponding weights at the southern site seven years after treatment. Although strong effects on the soil-solution chemistry were detected at one of the study sites, in the treatments corresponding to two and four times the estimated logging residue amount, the effect on the leaching from an entire regeneration area is likely to be relatively small given the percentage of the area hosting these logging residue amounts (ca. 20% after stem-only harvesting and 9% after fuel-adapted felling). 3--2+

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of logging residues at two harvested forest sites in Sweden

Ring¹,

Högbom²,

Nohrstedt³

et al. 2015

Silva Fenn.

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“…Including intensive forest harvesting practices where branches, tops and stumps 386 are removed along with stems in CL calculations will result in very low CLs which will be exceeded 387 even at very low acidifying deposition. These results should be interpreted with caution, however, as 388 experimental studies suggest that base cation uptake by forest may have a lower acidifying potential 389 than acid deposition (Zetterberg et al 2013). 390…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Separation of the effects of forestry from those of air pollution on soil and water acidification is a 377 difficult task. In a study of harvesting effects on soil solution chemistry, Zetterberg et al (2013) noted 378 that the greatest decline in calcium concentrations occurred in a well-buffered site which was 379 unlikely to acidify. Furthermore, Akselsson et al (2013) suggest that the on-going soil acidification is 380 more closely related to the legacy of acid deposition than to forestry.…”

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confidence: 99%

Consequences of intensive forest harvesting on the recovery of Swedish lakes from acidification and on critical load exceedances

Moldan

Stadmark

Fölster

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Across much of the northern hemisphere, lakes are at risk of re-acidification due to incomplete recovery from historical acidification and pressures associated with more intensive forest biomass harvesting. Critical load (CL) calculations aimed at estimating the amount of pollutants an ecosystem can receive without suffering adverse consequences are dependent on these factors. Here, we present a modelling study of the potential effects of intensified forest harvesting on re-acidification of a set of 3239 Swedish lakes based on scenarios with varying intensities of forest biomass harvest and acid deposition. There is some evidence that forestry would have caused a certain level of acidification even if deposition remained at 1860 levels. We show that all plausible harvest scenarios delay recovery due to increased rates of base cation removal. Scenario results were used to estimate critical loads for the entire population of lakes in Sweden. The forestry intensity included in critical load calculations is a political decision. After scaling calculations to the national level, it was apparent that a high but plausible forest harvest intensity would lead to an increase in the area of CL exceedances and that even after significant reductions in forest harvest intensity, there would still be areas with CL exceedances. Our results show that forest harvest intensity and regional environmental change must be carefully considered in future CL calculations.

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Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Kiumarsi,

Jourgholami,

Jafari

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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Among the various species of trees, black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is one of the most commonly used trees for the reforestation and restoration programs of degraded forestlands in the Hyrcanian forest, particularly in the skid trails. The effects of reforestation with black alder on the recovery of litter (thickness, C, N, C/N) and soil physicochemical, biochemical, biological, and microbial properties in the skid trails with three levels of compactions were examined over a 27‐year period. Results showed that the litter characteristics such as thickness, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and C/N were at the highest level in low intensity traffic as compared to those of medium and frequent intensities. Results showed that the values of total porosity, macroporosity, aggregate stability, silt, and clay were at the lowest level in the natural stand. The highest values of soil pH, C, C/N ratio, and C storage were recorded under the skid trail with frequent machine passages. The restoration values of soil physical and chemical properties were significantly higher in the low level of machine traffic after a period of 27 years where black alder reforestation was performed on the skid trails, as compared to the medium and frequent machine traffic levels, as well as the undisturbed area. Black alder litter affected soil nitrogen and the maximum amounts of earthworm density and dry mass. This also includes fine root biomass. These data were recorded in the trails with low machine traffic as compared to those of medium and frequent traffic. The results clearly showed that black alder is effective in reaching the objectives of restoration programs, given that it promotes soil organic matter, builds up soil structure via root‐soil feedback, and improves the soil by creating a major source of nitrogen through enhancing the nitrogen cycle.

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The effect of harvest intensity on long-term calcium dynamics in soil and soil solution at three coniferous sites in Sweden

Cited by 42 publications

References 74 publications

Soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of logging residues at two harvested forest sites in Sweden

Soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of logging residues at two harvested forest sites in Sweden

Consequences of intensive forest harvesting on the recovery of Swedish lakes from acidification and on critical load exceedances

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

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The effect of harvest intensity on long-term calcium dynamics in soil and soil solution at three coniferous sites in Sweden

Cited by 42 publications

References 74 publications

Soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of logging residues at two harvested forest sites in Sweden

Soil and soil-water chemistry below different amounts of logging residues at two harvested forest sites in Sweden

Consequences of intensive forest harvesting on the recovery of Swedish lakes from acidification and on critical load exceedances

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N2‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

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Product

Resources

About

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)