The Effect of Hybrosome (Umbilical Cord Blood Exosome–Liposome Hybrid Vesicles) on Human Dermal Cells In Vitro

Abstract

Background Wound healing is a process that involves multiple physiological steps, and despite the availability of various wound treatment methods, their effectiveness is still limited due to several factors, including cost, efficiency, patient-specific requirements, and side effects. In recent years, nanovesicles called exosomes have gained increasing attention as a potential wound care solution due to their unique cargo components which enable cell-to-cell communication and regulate various biological processes. Umbilical cord blood plasma exosomes (UCBP) have shown promise in triggering beneficial signaling pathways that aid in cell proliferation and wound healing. However, there is still very limited information about the wound-healing effect of umbilical cord blood plasma exosomes in literature. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to investigate the ‘Hybrosome’ technology generated with calf UCBP-derived exosome-liposome combination. Methods The authors developed ‘Hybrosome’ technology by fusing cord blood exosomes membranes with liposomes. Nanovesicle characterization, cell proliferation assay, wound healing scratch assay, immunohistochemistry analysis, anti-inflammation assay, RT-PCRi, ELISA, and cellular uptake studies were performed using the novel hybrid exosomes. Results Experimental results showed that Hybrosome increases cell proliferation and migration by 40-50%, depending on the dose, and induces an anti-inflammatory effect on different cell lines as well as increased wound healing related gene expression levels of dermal cells in vitro. All in all, this research widens the scope of wound healing therapeutics to the novel Hybrosome technology. Conclusions UCBP-based applications have the potential for wound treatments and are promising in the development of novel therapies. This study shows that hybrosomes have an outstanding ability in wound healing using in vitro approaches.