The effect of incremental replacement of wheat with soya hulls in diets for Jersey cows on lactational performance, diet digestibility and feeding behaviour

Aikman, P. C.; Beever, D. E.; Humphries, D. J.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.02.011

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The lack of DM digestibility advantage for the G-Corn steers relative to the G-Rough steers can be partially explained by the less digestible whole shell corn that comprised nearly 70% of the G-Corn diet. These results agree with previous digestibility investigations (Aikman, 2006) in which fiber digestibility linearly increased with increased fiber inclusion; however, Aikman (2006) also reported decreased DM and starch digestibility as fiber inclusion increased and wheat inclusion decreased; a contrast to the current results in which starch digestibility was greater in the higher fiber diet. Had the G-Corn diet been formulated with a processed corn, the DM digestibility may have been greater, a concept that is further evidenced by the decreased starch digestibility in the G-Corn relative to the G-Rough steers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Dietary effects on finishing phase diet digestibility consistently agree with previous literature, as DM and OM digestibilities were greater in the steers fed the higher corn inclusion F-Corn diet whereas fiber digestibility was greater in steers fed the higher fiber F-Byp diet (Ludden et al, 1995;Aikman et al, 2006). The growing and finishing phase diet interaction for finishing phase starch digestibility may be explained by evaluating DMI; the corn-grown, byproduct-finished steers had 0.7 kg lesser DMI and 4.3% greater starch digestibility than the roughage-grown, byproduct-finished steers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Feed efficiency in beef cattle: relationship with digestibility, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, growth performance, and carcass characteristics

Russell

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As production costs increase across the livestock industry, improving feed efficiency (FE) is one of the most crucial tasks for the beef industry to improve economic competitiveness relative to other meat-producing species. Substantial variation in FE may exist between individuals, yet the physiological mechanisms behind this variability are not well characterized. Furthermore, the industry would benefit from a more thorough understanding of the relationships between FE and other traits as well as an evaluation of the repeatability of FE across differing production phases and diet types. Consequently, this research sought to: 1) determine the influence of growing phase FE classification and diet type on performance of steers fed differing finishing phase diets, 2) determine effects of growing phase FE and diet, as well as finishing phase diet on diet digestibility and finishing phase FE, and 3) evaluate the relationship between FE, antioxidant activity and oxidative stress in feedlot steers representing phenotypic extremes for FE. It was hypothesized that relative FE was repeatable across feeding phases and that diet digestibility, antioxidant activity, and oxidative stress may be contributing factors to variation in FE between individuals. Completing the first objective, it was determined that steers classified as highly feed efficient (HFE) in the growing phase maintained greater finishing phase G:F and the relationship was also consistent for mid (MFE) and lowly feed efficient (LFE) growing phase FE classifications. Finishing phase G:F was not directly affected by growing or finishing phase diets but differences in finishing phase performance suggested that differences in finishing phase G:F between FE classifications were driven by differences in ADG among roughage-grown steers, versus differences in DMI that drove G:F variation among corn-xi grown steers. Additionally, the roughage growing diet and byproduct finishing diet combination appeared to be most advantageous, as those steers excelled in ADG, generating heavier carcasses with no decrease in G:F or marbling score. After completion of the second objective, it was determined that there were no differences in DM digestibility due to FE classification but fiber digestibility appeared to contribute to FE variation while starch digestibility did not. There was a positive correlation between growing and finishing phase diet DM digestibilities in steers fed similar diet types during both feeding phases, suggesting digestibility measured during one feeding phase may be indicative of digestive capacity during a subsequent phase if the diets are nutritionally similar. At the individual steer level, finishing phase G:F was greater in HFE versus LFE steers, though a negative correlation for G:F was detected between feeding phases when steers were roughage-grown and cornfinished. Finally, completion of the third objective revealed that antioxidant activity may play a role in FE as LFE steers, specifically roughage-grown LFE steers, had greater antioxidant activity ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Feed efficiency in beef cattle: relationship with digestibility, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, growth performance, and carcass characteristics

Russell

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“…Total jaw movements were recorded for 24 h starting before the morning feed on d 2, 4,6,8,11,13,15,17,22, and 28 of lactation using IGER Behavior Recorders (Rutter et al, 1997). Specialist software (Rutter, 2000) was used to identify periods of eating and ruminating, the total time spent in each activity, and the number of boluses produced during rumination as described by Aikman et al (2006).…”

Section: Sampling Measurements and Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen pH and fermentation characteristics in dairy cows supplemented with Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 in early lactation

Aikman

Henning²,

Humphries

et al. 2011

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study investigated the effect of using the lactate-utilizing bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 as a probiotic supplement on rumen fermentation and pH in dairy cows in the immediate postcalving period. Fourteen multiparous rumen-fistulated Holstein cows, blocked according to 305-d milk yield in the previous lactation, were used in a randomized complete block design. From d 1 to 28 postcalving, cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration with a forage to concentrate ratio of 392:608 and a starch concentration of 299g/kg of dry matter. Treatments consisting of a minimum of 10(10) cfu of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 or autoclaved M. elsdenii (placebo) were administered via the rumen cannula on d 3 and 12 of lactation (n=7 per treatment). Mid-rumen pH was measured every 15min, and eating and ruminating behaviors were recorded for 24h on d 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 22, and 28. Rumen fluid for volatile fatty acid and lactic acid analysis was collected at 11 time points on each of d 2, 4, 6, 13, and 15. Yields of milk and milk protein and lactose were similar, but milk fat concentration tended to be higher in cows that received the placebo. Time spent eating and ruminating and dry matter intake were similar across treatments. Ruminal lactic acid concentrations were highly variable between animals, and no cases of clinical acidosis were observed. Both treatment groups had rumen pH <5.6 for more than 3h/d (a commonly used threshold to define subacute ruminal acidosis), but the length of time with rumen pH <5.6 was markedly reduced in the days immediately after dosing and fluctuated much less from day to day in cows that received M. elsdenii compared with those that received the placebo. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentrations were similar across treatments, but the acetate:propionate ratio tended to be smaller in cows that received M. elsdenii. Despite the lack of a measurable treatment effect on ruminal lactic acid concentration, supplementation of early lactation dairy cows with lactate-utilizing M. elsdenii altered the rumen fermentation patterns in favor of propionate, with potential benefits for energy balance and animal productivity.

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“…However, supply and demand forces of the international market have seen large fluctuations in the price of cereals and soybean meals (Sinclair et al, 2014), creating uncertainty in dairy production systems that are more reliant on these feeds. To this end, the dairy industry has been exploring the use of alternative by-products such as palm kernel expeller (PKE, Kolver, 2006;Dias et al, 2008), soyhulls (SH, Ipharraguerre et al, 2002;Aikman et al, 2006), and dried distillers grains (DDGS, Schingoethe et al, 2009;Abdelqader and Oba, 2012) for use in the diet of the lactating dairy cow. These feeds are advantageous for ruminant diets compared with cereals and soybean meal as they are not utilizable as human foodstuffs and their use in pig and poultry diets is limited, reducing competition for these feeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of by-product inclusion level on milk production, nutrient digestibility and excretion, and rumen fermentation parameters in lactating dairy cows offered a pasture-based diet

Whelan

Carey

Boland

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing barley and soybean meal with increasing levels of by-products on production, digestive, and metabolic parameters in early-mid lactation dairy cows offered perennial ryegrass-based pasture. Forty-eight (32 multiparous and 16 primiparous) dairy cows that were 64 ± 24 d in milk were assigned to 1 of 4 pasture-based dietary treatments (n = 12) in a randomized block design experiment that ran for 70 d. Treatments consisted of a perennial ryegrass-based pasture and 1 of 4 supplementary concentrates: BP35, BP55, BP75, and BP95 containing 35, 55, 75, and 95% by-products, respectively, in the concentrate on a dry matter basis. The by-products used were soyhulls, dried distillers grains, and palm kernel extract in equal proportions. Barley and soybean meal were replaced as by-product inclusion level increased. In this study, intakes of pasture dry matter (15.7 kg) and total dry matter (21.1 kg) were not affected by treatment. Similarly, milk production parameters (milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count, and urea) were not different between treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids were lower in the milk of cows offered BP35 and BP55 compared with those offered BP75 and BP95. Concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids, and other blood metabolites were within normal range and did not differ between treatments, and cow body condition score and body weight were also not different. Equally, N was unaffected by diet. Blood urea N was lower in the BP75 group compared with BP35. This study demonstrated that barley and soybean meal can be replaced with soyhulls, dried distillers grains, and palm kernel extract without affecting milk production, digestive, or metabolic parameters in dairy cows offered a pasture-based diet.

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The effect of incremental replacement of wheat with soya hulls in diets for Jersey cows on lactational performance, diet digestibility and feeding behaviour

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Feed efficiency in beef cattle: relationship with digestibility, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, growth performance, and carcass characteristics

Feed efficiency in beef cattle: relationship with digestibility, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, growth performance, and carcass characteristics

Rumen pH and fermentation characteristics in dairy cows supplemented with Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 in early lactation

The effect of by-product inclusion level on milk production, nutrient digestibility and excretion, and rumen fermentation parameters in lactating dairy cows offered a pasture-based diet

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