The effect of intermediate targets on the spread of pellets from shotguns

Karapırlı, Mustafa; Uysal, Cem; Akçan, Ramazan; Aksoy, M.

doi:10.1080/00450618.2014.982181

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Karapirli et al [11] and Kerkhoff et al [12] both studied the effect of intermediate targets on shotgun dispersion patterns but also mentioned the effect of pellet size. In the study by Karapirli et al [11], mean pattern size was measured to be smaller with 3.9 mm pellets than with 2.1 mm pellets. In the study by Kerkhoff et al [12], mean pattern sizes with 3.5 and 3.9 mm diameter pellets were generally smaller than with 2.5 and 2.9 mm pellets.…”

Section: Pellet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Çakir et al [10] make no explicit reference to flyers. Karapirli et al [11] excluded flyers from their analysis without stating how they defined them. Kerkhoff et al [12] included potential flyers, referring to Haag & Haag [4] for doing so.…”

Section: Pellet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pellet material was presumably lead. Karapirli et al [11] and Kerkhoff et al [12] both studied the effect of intermediate targets on shotgun dispersion patterns but also mentioned the effect of pellet size. In the study by Karapirli et al [11], mean pattern size was measured to be smaller with 3.9 mm pellets than with 2.1 mm pellets.…”

Section: Pellet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies [10][11][12] all deal in a different way with flyers. Flyers are pellet impacts that fall at some distance from the main pattern.…”

Section: Pellet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total weight of the shot charge was kept identical per study in Refs. [11, 12], but the reported weights must be considered nominal values since the studies were performed with factory‐loaded ammunition. Studies [10–12] all deal in a different way with flyers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns

Kerkhoff,

Maitimu,

Pater

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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When reconstructing a shooting incident with a shotgun, the muzzle‐to‐target distance can be determined by relating the size of a dispersion pattern found on a crime scene to that of test shots. Ideally, the test shots are performed with the weapon and ammunition that were used in the incident. But sometimes examiners will have to resort to alternatives, such as using cartridges of the same brand and type but with another pellet size. For this reason, the relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns was studied with both lead and steel shotgun pellets. Cartridges were loaded with identical cartridge cases, powder charges, and wads but with different pellet sizes, below size B. The cartridges were fired, and the dispersion patterns at 5 m in front of the muzzle were measured and compared. The results provide strong support for the proposition that shotgun dispersion patterns with both lead and steel shot increase with decreasing pellet size if all other relevant parameters are kept equal. The results also provide an indicative measure of the magnitude of the effect. Pattern sizes were approximately 1.7 times larger with #9 than with #0 lead shot and 1.4 times larger with #9 than with #1 steel shot. The differences between consecutive shot sizes were generally smaller. This means that cartridges of equal brand and type but with the next nearest shot number can be used for a muzzle‐to‐target distance determination, keeping the information of the current study in mind in the final interpretation of the results.

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Section: Pellet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pellet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pellet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies [10][11][12] all deal in a different way with flyers. Flyers are pellet impacts that fall at some distance from the main pattern.…”

Section: Pellet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns

Kerkhoff,

Maitimu,

Pater

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Determination of Firing Distance based on Pellet Dispersion

et al. 2023

AustinJForensicSciCriminol

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According to literature, practice and experience, the firing distance from shotguns (i.e., the distance between the victim and the muzzle of the gun) can be determined fairly accurately by studying and evaluating the pellet dispersion pattern after shooting a target surface, either on clothing or on the victim’s body. Many formulas have been published in order to determine the range at which a shotgun has been discharged, as well as the parameters that affect the calculation of the estimated firing distance. Τhe purpose of the current study was to provide answers to questions regarding firing distance ranges, by firing 12-gauge shotguns from 10, 18 and 25 meters, using different sizes of barrel choke and pellet sizes. Experimental shots were fired from two different guns, with different technical characteristics, from different distances and with different types of shotshell charges. The research revealed that 65% to 80% of the pellet pattern is distributed evenly in the center of the shot and this percentage remains the same at all three distances (10, 18 and 25 meters). Also, an important term in research is Shotgun Pellet Pattern (SPP), which is based on the number of pellets that are uniformly imprinted in the center of the shot and is an important factor in determining shot distance. The results of the shootings were recorded in tables and integrated into a computer program, giving useful information to the case examiner regarding the ability to determine the firing distance from a shotgun.

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The effect of intermediate targets on the spread of pellets from shotguns

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

The relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns

The relationship between pellet size and shotgun dispersion patterns

Determination of Firing Distance based on Pellet Dispersion

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