The Effect of Intraperitoneally Applied Pure Microcystin LR on Haematological and Morphological Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraperitoneally applied Microcystin LR to the health condition of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) stockfish by means of assessment of haematological. biochemical and morphological indices.Two-year-old stockfish of silver carp was used for experiments. In the first trial. pure Microcystin LR was applied to the tish intrar.eritoneally in dose of250 ~g' kg· l body weight (bw). A pure Microcystin LR dose of 400 ~g . kg' bw was used in the second experiment. After 48 hours. fish were sampled for blood by cardiopunction to determine the erythrocyte count (RBC

Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp (Carassius auratus) to crude cyanobacterial extracts

“…In the current experiment, significant increases in the activities of ALT, ALP, and AST were observed 1 h post injection, and LDH activity increased dramatically from 3 h; the magnitude of increase was in the order ALT [ ALP [ AST [ LDH. On the other hand, the extents of the increase in enzyme activity in the current study exceeded those of the earlier studies (Råbergh et al 1991;Vajcová et al 1998;Malbrouck et al 2003). It seems that crude cyanobacterial extracts have more prominent effects than purified MC-LR on alterations of the activity of plasma enzymes in crucian carp.…”

“…MC-induced alteration of the activities of plasma enzymes (e.g. ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) are frequently used to determine the toxic effects of microcystins (Råbergh et al 1991;Vajcová et al 1998;Malbrouck et al 2003;Molina et al 2005). These enzymes are present at low concentrations in plasma, and increases of their activities in plasma indicate the development of tissue lesions, particularly hepatic lesion (Malbrouck et al 2003).…”

“…Blood concentrations of energy-related biomolecules may be useful biomarkers of toxicant stress, and GLU, TP, CHO, and TG may also be used as energy sources during severe stress (Vajcová et al 1998;Rěhulka 2000). Plasma GLU is an indicator of metabolic stress, and the biological significance of elevated glucose levels in fish is probably related to an increased demand for metabolic substrates after exposure to a stress stimulus.…”

“…Many studies have used i.p. injection as the route of microcystin administration and purified MC-LR (concentration [95%) has been used as toxicant (Råbergh et al 1991;Kotak et al 1996;Vajcová et al 1998;Beasley et al 2000;Malbrouck et al 2003Malbrouck et al , 2006. Alterations in blood biochemicals were documented in these studies.…”

“…The liver in fish plays an important role in several vital functions of basic metabolism, and levels of blood glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and total protein (TP) are generally affected by the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein, because of hepatic damage (Andenen et al 1992). There have been a few studies documenting alterations of these indices after intraperitoneal injection with pure microcystins (Råbergh et al 1991;Vajcová et al 1998;Beasley et al 2000).…”