The effect of ionic liquid containing AlCl3 catalytic systems on the microstructure and properties of polyalphaolefin based lubricants

Chain Walking in the AlCl3 Catalyzed Cationic Polymerization of α‐Olefins

“…Even though the occurrence of chain walking is suggested as a minor point, with a low % compared to the desired reactivity, [53] here to shed light on the mechanism and check the nature of the chain walking processes occurring here, DFT calculations could describe each part of the polymerization, and interestingly to prove the ease of carbocation isomerization and chain transfer mechanisms. To sum up, since in recent years we have focused on the synthesis of low viscosity PAOs employing a greener initiating system using AlCl 3 as initiator [16,19,46] . the current work has rationalized the importance of each step in changing PAO microstructure to furnish low viscosity and high VI products which are the main goals in related industry.…”

“…To sum up, since in recent years we have focused on the synthesis of low viscosity PAOs employing a greener initiating system using AlCl 3 as initiator. [16,19,46] the current work has rationalized the importance of each step in changing PAO microstructure to furnish low viscosity and high VI products which are the main goals in related industry. In addition, by less hazardous and less toxic AlCl 3 /aromatic solvent, the low viscosity PAOs (with KV 100 < 10 cSt) can be produced in high yield.…”

“…In this line, some attempts were devoted to synthesize low viscosity PAOs using a less hazardous AlCl 3 initiator. [16,17,18] Recently, we have demonstrated high performance of the AlCl 3 /solvent system in the production of low viscosity PAOs, whose properties are comparable with the analogous commercial PAO4 and PAO6. [19] It was clarified that, the solvent, especially aromatic type, facilitates chain transfer reactions, thanks to the capability of aromatic solvents to perform the Friedel-Crafts reaction.…”

Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis

“…Since the pioneering work on the use of these ILs for the oligomerization of alkenes by transition-metal complexes (Figure ), ,, a wide range of biphasic oligomerization/polymerization reactions have been reported (Table ). , It should be noted that organo-aluminate and other acidic ILs are active for the oligomerization of alkenes through acid catalysis, ,− but this falls outside the scope of this review.…”

Heterocene Catalysts and Reaction Temperature Gradient in Dec-1-ene Oligomerization for the Production of Low Viscosity PAO Base Stocks

“…Like any other advanced product, PAOs should have reproducible characteristics, little affected by technological parameters. The best set of the PAO properties can be obtained by a specific molecular structure with a low number of long alkyl branches. − However, the actual PAO industry, at least in part, of lightweight oligomers is still using acidic catalysts such as BF 3 /ROH. ,, Cationic oligomerization of dec-1-ene is being intensively studied, − despite the fact that this reaction is complicated by rearrangements with a formation of short branches, tetrasubstituted olefin fragments, and alicycles. ,− …”