The Effect of Ionic Liquids With (–)-Menthol Derivative Containing a Chloride Anion to Weed

Abstract

Weeds constitute a huge group of undesirable plants, widespread throughout the world. They represent a big problem for most farmers, who implement different methods to fight against them. Thanks to their wide occurrence, weeds however, can be an excellent indicator of the quality of soil and the whole environment where they are present. In this paper, we present the impact of four alkylimidazolium chlorides with a natural terpene component introduced into the soil: (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol and alkyl substituents containing 1, 4, 9 or 12 carbon atoms, on the growth and development of selected weed species. Compounds with the highest phytotoxic activity towards gallant soldier, white goosefoot and common sorrel were chlorides with methyl and butyl substituents, while compounds with nonyl and dodecyl substituents demonstrated a weak effect on these weeds. Phytotoxicity of the salts tested was largely dependent on the applied concentration of the compound and the genetic make-up of plant species used in the experiment. This was reflected in the inhibition of plants' length and their roots, as well as changes in the content of dry matter and photosynthetic pigments.

Phytotoxicity and Effect of Ionic Liquids on Antioxidant Parameters in Spring Barley Seedlings: The Impact of Exposure Time

“…The GP and GR results suggest that the influence of ILs on these factors depends on the compound used and its dose. A similar lack of influence of ILs on GP and GR was observed by the authors in their earlier studies on the toxicity of phosphonium ionic liquid for spring barley and radish [27]. However, there are reports on the visible effect of ILs on the GP and GR for different species of higher plants [5,6,28].…”

Herbicidal Ionic Liquids: A Promising Future for Old Herbicides? Review on Synthesis, Toxicity, Biodegradation, and Efficacy Studies

“…EC 50 tests were applied to green algae ( Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ), water flea ( Daphnia magna ), and weeds [gallant soldier ( Galinsoga parviflora Cav. ), common sorrel ( Rumex acetosa L.), and white goosefoot ( Chenopodium album L.)], as well as plants [spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) and common radish ( Raphanus sativus L. radicula Pers. )] .…”

“…EC 50 tests were applied to green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), 63 water flea (Daphnia magna), 63 (Galinsoga parvif lora Cav. ), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.), and white goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.)], 87 as well as plants [spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. radicula Pers.)]. 78 These analyses were also conducted on microbial communities, for example, on microorganisms isolated from particular environmental niches 73,85 and specific bacteria (Pseudomonas putida mt-2).…”