The effect of laser-activated bleaching with 445 nm and 970 nm diode lasers on pulp chamber temperature rise: an in vitro study

Saberi, Sogol; Shahabi, Sima; Tohidkhah, Saba; Jafarnia, Shiva; Pedram, Parham

doi:10.1088/1555-6611/abece0

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The 2023 study found that an average power of a diode laser (445 nm) of 0.5-2 W and an irradiation time of 10-60 s can be considered safe for pulp health when a red-colored bleaching gel is used [31]. The 2021 study found that the temperature rise of the pulp after bleaching with the diode laser was within the safe range at a wavelength of 970 nm and a power of 1.5 W and 2 W and at 445 nm and a power of 1 W and 1.5 W. The highest temperature rise of the pulp was observed with the diode laser at a wavelength of 970 nm and a power of 2 W (2.0 ± 0.5), while the lowest temperature rise of the pulp (0.1 ± 0.2) was observed with the diode laser at a wavelength of 445 nm and a power of 1 W [32]. Due to the high absorption in hemoglobin and melanin [33], a laser wavelength of 445 nm is mainly used in oral surgery [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The thermal effect was investigated in the following test groups, each of them consisting of 15 teeth. The laser settings are determined by preliminary tests and studies [28,31,32] or by following the manufacturer's instructions: Body temperature (36.5 ± 1.5 • C), which was confirmed via the thermocouples, was set before data collection. The setting was made using the heated water bath.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Thermal Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal effect was investigated in the following test groups, each of them consisting of 15 teeth. The laser settings are determined by preliminary tests and studies [28,31,32] or by following the manufacturer's instructions: Each group was tested on 15 different teeth, i.e., on three quadrants of a jaw. The gel was applied successively-starting with the central anterior tooth and ending with the second premolar-to the vestibular surface of the teeth in a thin layer of about 1-2 mm.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Thermal Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study is to find laser settings in which the temperature increase in the pulp is <5.6 • C. Temperature increases ≥5.6 • C lead to irreversible pulpitis [17]. To date, there are only two studies in the literature in which the temperature changes of the pulp during laser-assisted tooth whitening with a diode laser with a wavelength of 445 nm have been investigated [31,32]. The 2023 study found that an average power of a diode laser (445 nm) of 0.5-2 W and an irradiation time of 10-60 s can be considered safe for pulp health when a red-colored bleaching gel is used [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study attempts to come as close as possible to the in vivo conditions; in addition to the body temperature setting, a blood flow simulation is introduced and also taken into account, unlike in the studies mentioned above [31,32]. Furthermore, the teeth are not directly immersed in a temperature-controlled water bath as in the study of Papadopoulou et al [31] but are embedded in a resin to simulate the thermal properties of bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Effects on Dental Pulp during Laser-Assisted Bleaching Procedures with Diode Lasers in a Clinical Study

Petersen,

Braun,

Franzen

2024

JCM

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Background In the current cosmetics industry, bleaching is often associated with lasers. However, such treatment also harbors risks. Tooth death is observed at pulpal temperature increases ≥5.6 °C. Therefore, it seems important to investigate the effects of using different lasers. The aim of this study was to determine pulpal temperature increases at different laser parameters during bleaching by modeling a realistic environment and to compare the temperature recording using a thermocouple and thermal camera. The authors assumed that there are laser settings for the lasers used at which the pulpal temperature increases are <5.6 °C and that the temperature recordings with thermocouples and thermal cameras differ only minimally. Methods Human teeth were used, which were extracted for dental reasons. During experiment, teeth were bleached conventionally and by laser activation at 940 nm, 445 nm, and 970 nm. The temperature in the pulp was recorded using thermocouples. In a second setup, longitudinally halved teeth were bleached, while the temperature in the pulp was recorded with a thermocouple and thermal camera. Descriptive statistics were used. The significance level is 0.05. Results In addition to conventional bleaching, temperature increases <5.6 °C were observed for bleaching at 940 nm 1.5 W, at 445 nm 0.3 W, and at 970 nm 0.5 W. For bleaching procedures using 940 nm 7 W, 940 nm 2 W, 445 nm 0.5 W, and 970 nm 1 W, the temperature increase was ≥5.6 °C. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the maximum temperature increases (°C) between all groups. Temperature recordings using a thermocouple and thermal camera differed by about 2.3 °C. The working hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusion With laser bleaching, attention must be paid to the type of laser, its power, and the time in order to avoid excessive overheating of the dental pulp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Investigation Of the Thermal Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal effect was investigated in the following test groups, each of them consisting of 15 teeth. The laser settings are determined by preliminary tests and studies [28,31,32] or by following the manufacturer's instructions: Each group was tested on 15 different teeth, i.e., on three quadrants of a jaw. The gel was applied successively-starting with the central anterior tooth and ending with the second premolar-to the vestibular surface of the teeth in a thin layer of about 1-2 mm.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Thermal Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Effects on Dental Pulp during Laser-Assisted Bleaching Procedures with Diode Lasers in a Clinical Study

Petersen,

Braun,

Franzen

2024

JCM

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Temperature changes in the pulp chamber and bleaching gel during tooth bleaching assisted by diode laser (445 nm) using different power settings

Papadopoulou,

Dionysopoulos,

Strakas

et al. 2023

Lasers Med Sci

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The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the safety of using blue diode laser (445 nm) for tooth bleaching with regard to intrapulpal temperature increase operating at different average power and time settings. Fifty human mandibular incisors (n = 10) were used for evaluating temperature rise inside the pulp chamber and in the bleaching gel during laser-assisted tooth bleaching. The change in temperature was recorded using K thermocouples for the five experimental groups (without laser, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 W) at each point of time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 s). As the average power of the diode laser increases, the temperature inside the pulp chamber also increases and that of the bleaching gel was significantly higher in all the experimental groups (p < 0.05). However, the intrapulpal temperature rise was below the threshold for irreversible thermal damage of the pulp (5.6 °C). Average power of a diode laser (445 nm) ranging between 0.5–2 W and irradiation time between 10–60 s should be considered safe regarding the pulp health when a red-colored bleaching gel is used. Clinical studies should confirm the safety and effectiveness of such tooth bleaching treatments. The outcomes of the present study could be a useful guide for dental clinicians, who utilize diode lasers (445 nm) for in-office tooth bleaching treatments in order to select appropriate power parameters and duration of laser irradiation without jeopardizing the safety of the pulp.

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Evaluation of tooth color change after a bleaching process with different lasers

Möbius,

Braun,

Franzen

2024

Odontology

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The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of diode laser-activated bleaching systems for color change of teeth. 75 extracted teeth were studied in five different bleaching protocols. Group 1: diode laser 445 nm, 320 µm fiber, 0.5W, continuous wave mode, dose 53 J/cm2. Group 2: diode laser 970 nm, 320 µm fiber, 1W, continuous wave mode, dose 106.10 J/cm2. Group 3: diode laser 940 nm, bleaching handpiece, 7W, continuous wave mode, dose 105 J/cm2. Group 4: diode laser 940 nm, 300 µm fiber, 2W, continuous wave mode, dose 47.16 J/cm2. Group 5: bleaching process without laser activation. In groups 1, 2 and 5, teeth were bleached with Perfect Bleach Office + and in groups 3 and 4, LaserWhite20 bleaching gel was used. Tooth color was determined immediately after the bleaching process using a spectrophotometer. Color change data on the CIE L * a * b* system was analyzed statistically by the one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. All bleaching procedures resulted in a change of color. All laser groups (∆E * ab > 3) have statistically larger ∆E * ab values than the control group (∆E * ab = 0.73) (p < 0.05). The diode laser 445 nm has the largest ∆E * ab value (∆E * ab = 4.65) and results in a significantly higher color difference than all other groups. In terms of color score difference in VITA Shades, all laser-activated groups lead to a lightening effect while the control group leads to only a slight lightening effect. The diode laser 445 nm produced the greatest color difference. Laser-activated bleaching is more effective than conventional bleaching without light activation. The diode laser 445 nm performs best in this in vitro study.

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The effect of laser-activated bleaching with 445 nm and 970 nm diode lasers on pulp chamber temperature rise: an in vitro study

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Thermal Effects on Dental Pulp during Laser-Assisted Bleaching Procedures with Diode Lasers in a Clinical Study

Thermal Effects on Dental Pulp during Laser-Assisted Bleaching Procedures with Diode Lasers in a Clinical Study

Temperature changes in the pulp chamber and bleaching gel during tooth bleaching assisted by diode laser (445 nm) using different power settings

Evaluation of tooth color change after a bleaching process with different lasers

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