“…In the formulation of concrete, others use fly ash [Wasserman and Bentur, 1997] or rice husk ash and coal bottom ash [Bheel et al, 2021] or newsprint ash [Wong et al, 2022], and they have also studied the physicochemical properties [Khudhair et al, 2018;Khudhair et al, 2017], thermal parameters, microstructural and acoustic parameters [Becker et al, 2022], fire resistance [Alireza et al, 2021], or have conducted research on the pre-wetting of clay aggregates and its effect on durability [Musial et al, 2021], liquefaction attenuation [Ghorbani et al, 2021] and also on the flexural strength of lightweight concrete [Baronet et al, 2022]. The lightweight concrete mix was performed according to the world standards as it has been done in several studies before [Melanie, 2003;Bogas et al, 2014].…”