The effect of Macrotyloma uniflorum seed on bile lithogenicity against diet induced cholelithiasis on mice

Abstract

Background:The seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. (Family Fabaceae) contain extractable total and tannins with reported hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activity. In this study, dietary M. uniflorum seed, methanolic and acetone extracts (ME and AE) were examined for their bile-antilithogenic potential.Materials and Methods:Mice fed with 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid lithogenic (LG) diet for 8 weeks resulted in cholesterol super saturation in gallbladder bile, which promotes the formation of cholesterol gallstones (CGSs).Results:AE reduced the CGS incidence by 60.21%, and serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL compared to control animals. Seed extracts at 300 mg/kg dose markedly reduced biliary cholesterol (BC) and decreased bile salt content. The ratio of BC to phospholipid which was 2.64 in the LG diet group was reduced to 1.57–1.35 in the M. uniflorum seed extracts treated groups. Liver cholesterol and TG were decreased significantly by feeding of ME and AE at 300 mg/kg dose. AE significantly reversed the changes in apolipoproteins A-I and C-II level disturbed by LG diet.Conclusions:M. uniflorum seed exerted antilithogenic influence by decreasing the cholesterol hyper-secretion into bile and increasing the bile acid output, thus decreasing the formation of LG bile in mice. The effect was maximum in the AE as it also reduced papillary proliferation of gallbladder and fatty degeneration of the liver. The potential antilithogenic effect of the AE of M. uniflorum may be due to antioxidant property of its rich total polyphenol and tannins content.

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“…The aqueous extract group showed the lowest incidence of CGS (60.21%) and also significant (P<0.01) reduction of gall bladder weight at 300 mg/kg than the methanolic extract, i.e. 60.0% 48 .…”

“…Anticholelithiatic Activity: The methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared from seeds of horse gram and were examined for their bile antilithogenic potential on mice 48 . The methanolic and aqueous extracts were used for the presence of phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids.…”

Effect of Apricot Fruit and Kernel Extracts on in-vitro Dissolution of Cholesterol Gallstones: Implication for Development of Potent Anti-cholilithiaticc agent

“…13 It was also found in previous research studies that some plants containing magnesium exhibit anticholilithiatic effect. 24 Thus the presence of magnesium may be the reason behind the anticholilithiatic activity of apricot as it is rich in magnesium. 13…”

Pharmacological Evaluation of Coriander Seeds against High Fat Diet-Induced Cholelithiasis

“…Gall stone formation is a complicated and multi factorial process. It is associated with various metabolic and genetic factors such as aging, gall bladder hypomotility, and imbalance in nucleating and antinucleating factors, cholecystokinin (CCK) deficiency and mutation in Lith gene [24]. Studies have shown that cholesterol and cholic acid produce cholesterol gallstone disease [25].…”