The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chitosan Gel on Full Thickness Skin Wound Healing in Albino Rats: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Fluorescent Study

Abstract

BackgroundWound healing involves the integration of complex biological processes. Several studies examined numerous approaches to enhance wound healing and to minimize its related morbidity. Both chitosan and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used in treating skin wounds. The aim of the current work was to compare MSCs versus chitosan in wound healing, evaluate the most efficient route of administration of MSCs, either intradermal or systemic injection, and elicit the mechanisms inducing epidermal and dermal cell regeneration using histological, immunohistochemical and fluorescent techniques.Material and MethodsForty adult male Sprague Dawley albino rats were divided into four equal groups (ten rats in each group): control group (Group I); full thickness surgical skin wound model, Group II: Wound and chitosan gel. Group III: Wound treated with systemic injection of MSCs and Group IV: Wound treated with intradermal injection of MSCs. The healing ulcer was examined on day 3, 5, 10 and 15 for gross morphological evaluation and on day 10 and 15 for histological, immunohistochemical and fluorescent studies.ResultsChitosan was proved to promote wound healing more than the control group but none of their wound reached complete closure. Better and faster healing of wounds in MSCs treated groups were manifested more than the control or chitosan treated groups. It was found that the intradermal route of administration of stem cells enhanced the rate of healing of skin wounds better than the systemic administration to the extent that, by the end of the fifteenth day of the experiment, the wounds were completely healed in all rats of this group. Histologically, the wound areas of group IV were hardly demarcated from the adjacent normal skin and showed complete regeneration of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and underlying muscle fibers. Collagen fibers were arranged in many directions, with significant increase in their area percent, surrounding fully regenerated hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the dermis of the healed areas more than in other groups.ConclusionMSCs enhanced the healing process of wound closure more than chitosan gel treatment. Furthermore, MSCs injected intradermally, were more efficient in accelerating wound healing than any other mode of treatment.

Self‐Assembled Wound Dressings Silence MMP‐9 and Improve Diabetic Wound Healing In Vivo

“…As a result, ECM accumulation within the DFU is dramatically reduced, impeding epithelial closure of the wound and significantly increasing the risk of infection [6] . Many of the current pharmacologic therapies for DFU have tried to address this issue through either the delivery of super-physiological concentrations of recombinant growth factors, stem cell therapies [7] , or application of lab-grown dermal substitutes [8,9] ; however, these have proven to be inconsistent, difficult to maintain, and have led in some cases to serious undesired side effects [8] .…”

Histological and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Role of Stem Cells on the Burned Skin of Adult Male Albino Rats

“…They found that the maturation and remodeling of wound healing was characterized by a decrease in the cell population and an increase in collagen organization in granulation tissue. Similarly, El Sadik et al [52] reported that the newly formed dermal layer after MSCs injection showed more collagen fibers and fibroblasts rather than inflammatory cells. Moreover, Shumakov et al [45] concluded that MSCs transplantation on the surface of deep burn wounds in rats decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cell into the wound, and accelerated the granulation tissue formation.…”

The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Ascorbic Acid and N-Acetylcysteine on TNF-α, IL 1β, and NF-κβ Expressions in Acute Pancreatitis in Albino Rats

“…The cells were trypsinzed with 0.25% trypsin (Sigma, USA, T1426) in 1 ml ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) (Sigma, USA, E6758) for 5 minutes at 37 °C and centrifuged at 2400 rpm for 20 minutes. The cell pellets were suspended with serum supplemented medium and incubated in 25 cm 2 culture flasks forming the first passage cultures [28,29].…”