“…These studies present results of gravity modulation on thermal instability in fluid or porous layer. Also, the effect of thermal modulation on convective instability has been investigated in [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. The effect of thermal modulation on chaotic convection [38], throughflow effects in the presence of thermal modulation [39,41,42,49,56], thermal modulation with internal heating [40], thermal modulation on magnetoconvection [43,45,48,54,55] have been investigated.…”