The effect of opium addiction on thyroid function tests

Gozashti, Mohammad Hossein; Mohammadzadeh, Elham; Divsalar, Kouros; Shokoohi, Mostafa

doi:10.1186/2251-6581-13-5

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Findings from our current study indicate that the combined abnormality of TSH and prolactin might be one of the hormonal characteristics in obesity with food addiction rather than in general obesity. Data from a number of studies have suggested that the serum TSH level may be a marker of alcohol, opium and cocaine dependence and craving [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. A significant negative correlation between TSH level and alcohol craving has been reported in alcohol-dependent subjects [ 51 ], and a significantly lower level of TSH has been found in opium users as compared to healthy controls [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, the YFAS and Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were used as tools for the diagnosis of food addiction and measuring nutrient intake over the past 12 months. These sets of measures and the criteria on which they are based have been validated in different populations [ 7 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The YFAS is the only tool available for the diagnosis of food addiction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonal and Dietary Characteristics in Obese Human Subjects with and without Food Addiction

Pedram

Sun

2014

Nutrients

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The concept of food addiction (FA) is a potentially important contributing factor to the development of obesity in the general population; however, little is known about the hormonal and dietary differences between obesity with and without FA. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore potential biomarkers, including various hormones and neuropeptides, which regulate appetite and metabolism, and dietary components that could potentially differentiate obesity with and without FA. Of the 737 adults recruited from the general Newfoundland population, 58 food-addicted and non-food-addicted overweight/obese individuals (FAO, NFO) matched for age, sex, BMI and physical activity were selected. A total of 34 neuropeptides, gut hormones, pituitary polypeptide hormones and adipokines were measured in fasting serum. We found that the FAO group had lower levels of TSH, TNF-α and amylin, but higher levels of prolactin, as compared to NFO group. The total calorie intake (per kg body weight), the dietary intake of fat (per g/kg body weight, per BMI and per percentage of trunk fat) and the percent calorie intake from fat and carbohydrates (g/kg) was higher in the FAO group compared to the NFO group. The FAO subjects consumed more sugar, minerals (including sodium, potassium, calcium and selenium), fat and its components (such as saturated, monounsaturated and trans fat), omega 3 and 6, vitamin D and gamma-tocopherol compared to the NFO group. To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating possible differences in hormonal levels and micro-nutrient intakes between obese individuals classified with and without food addiction. The findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which FA could contribute to obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and Dietary Characteristics in Obese Human Subjects with and without Food Addiction

Pedram

Sun

2014

Nutrients

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“…The effect of some psychoactive substances on commonly observed diseases like coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus and some psychiatric disorders has been investigated, but effects of long-term use of these substances on endocrine system have not been studied enough ( 3 ). Studies have demonstrated controversial results about effects of psychoactive substances on hypothalamic-pituitary axis and thyroid function ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Psychoactive Substances on Serum Biochemical Parameters

Şanlı

Bilici

Süner

et al. 2015

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background:Psychoactive substances affect mainly central nervous system and brain function causing changes in behavior.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different psychoactive substances on serum biochemical parameters.Patients and Methods:The study included 324 drug dependents, and 69 controls. The patient group was determined according to DSM-IV (The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition) criteria. All patients and control subjects were tested for routine biochemical parameters and urine toxicology parameters for psychoactive substance use. Cases and controls with accompanying diseases like diabetes, cancer, metabolic disorders etc. are excluded from the study. Moreover, an association between urine toxicology results and changes in biochemical parameters was evaluated for statistical significance.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in the Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), uric acid, creatinine, urea, albumin, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) medians between the dependent and control groups (P < 0.05). We found a statistically significant difference in sodium and albumin levels between the opium-dependent and control groups (P < 0.05). In the benzodiazepin dependent group, we found a significant difference in GGT, urea, glucose, sodium, T protein, and AST levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in triglyceride and GGT levels between the ethyl glucuronide and control groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions:In psychoactive substance dependents, serum routine biochemistry parameters can be used to predict the need for intensive monitoring and treatment programs.

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“…112 However, this was not confirmed in a recent study demonstrating normal thyroid function in both opium smokers and non-addict subjects. 113 Overall, although acute opioid administration increases TSH secretion, there is accumulating evidence that chronic use is not associated with thyroid dysfunction, irrespective of dose and administration route.…”

Section: Prolactinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid-induced endocrinopathies

Fountas

Uum

Karavitaki

2020

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

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ΤAs the use of opioids is becoming a global epidemic and has led to a rise in expanding, so has the occurrence and recognition of their impact consequences on the endocrine system. Nonetheless, opioid-induced endocrinopathies still remain under-diagnosed, mainly due to symptom under-reporting by patients and lack of awareness in clinicians. Hypogonadism is the most well recognised consequence but These include hypogonadism, inhibitory effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and negative impact on bone health also require attention.. Hyperprolactinaemia may also be detected, whereas, clinically relevant thyroid dysfunction has not been identified. EThe effects on other hormones have not been as yet clearly defined. At present, consensus or evidence-based guidelines on how to diagnose and manage these endocrinopathies are lacking. ANonetheless, assessment of gonadal and adrenal function (particularly if in the presence of high index of clinical suspicion), and, as well as evaluation of bone health are advised in these patients. Discontinuation or reduction of the opioid dose and appropriate hormone replacement are management approaches for hypogonadism and hypoadrenalism. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of opioids at all levels of the endocrine system and the optimal management of their consequences.Further research facilitating the development of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis and optimal management of opioid-induced endocrinopathies is eagerly awaited.

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The effect of opium addiction on thyroid function tests

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Hormonal and Dietary Characteristics in Obese Human Subjects with and without Food Addiction

Hormonal and Dietary Characteristics in Obese Human Subjects with and without Food Addiction

Effect of Different Psychoactive Substances on Serum Biochemical Parameters

Opioid-induced endocrinopathies

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