The Effect of Parental Monetary Sanctions on the Vaccination Status of Young Children

Minkovitz, Cynthia S.; Holt, Elizabeth; Hughart, Nancy; Hou, William; Thomas, Larry L.; Dini, Eugene F.; Guyer, Bernard

doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.12.1242

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the effectiveness component, 2 studies theoretically could have been meaningfully combined in a metaanalysis. 23,24 However, 1 had high risk of bias, 24 leaving any sensitivity analysis with only 1 included study. Therefore, meta-analysis was not considered appropriate for the effectiveness component.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Financial Incentives for Increasing Preschool Vaccination Uptake: Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Financial incentives have been used to promote vaccination uptake but are not always viewed as acceptable. Quasimandatory policies, such as requiring vaccinations for school enrollment, are widely implemented in some countries. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness, acceptability, and economic costs and consequences of parental financial incentives and quasimandatory schemes for increasing the uptake of preschool vaccinations in high-income countries. METHODS: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched for randomized controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies, and time series analyses examining the effectiveness of parental financial incentives and quasimandatory schemes, as well as any empirical studies exploring acceptability. All included studies were screened for information on economic costs and consequences. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the quality of selected articles by using established instruments. Studies were synthesized in narrative reviews. RESULTS: Four studies on the effectiveness and 6 on the acceptability of parental financial incentives and quasimandatory interventions met the inclusion criteria. Only 1 study reported on costs and consequences. Studies of effectiveness had low risk of bias but displayed substantial heterogeneity in terms of interventions and methods. CONCLUSIONS: There was insufficient evidence to conclude whether these interventions were effective. Studies of acceptability suggested a preference, in settings where this already occurs, for incentives linking vaccinations to access to education. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on economic costs and consequences.

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Section: Synthesis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Financial Incentives for Increasing Preschool Vaccination Uptake: Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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“…However, some programmes cluster participants into groups with rewards for average group performance . Others reward clinicians ), significant others , or parents Minkovitz et al, 1999) in addition to, or instead of, the individuals who change their behaviour.…”

Section: Immediacymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This manuscript arose from discussions associated with an ongoing systematic review being carried (Lawrence et al, 2004) Avoidance of penalty Welfare benefits decreased for failing to confirm all immunisations are up to date in children (Minkovitz et al, 1999) Form Cash Cash reward for weight loss Vouchers for range of goods/services Grocery voucher for smoke-free breath test (Ballard & Radley, 2009) Specific goods/service MP3 player for weight loss Magnitude Continuous (not categorical) variable Total value of incentive available to participants; ideally considered in relation to individual socioeconomic circumstances Certainty Certain Grocery voucher for smoke-free breath test (Ballard & Radley, 2009) Certain chance Chance to draw from bowl of 500 tickets, 250 of which are associated with prizes, for weight loss Uncertain chance Entered into lottery to win holiday for smoke-free breath test (Cahill & Perera, 2011) Target Process Shopping vouchers for attendance at routine out-patient drug rehabilitation sessions Intermediate Cash reward for attending supervised walks to achieve weight-loss (Jeffery et al, 1998) Outcome Shopping vouchers for drug-free urine Proxy measures of behaviour Cash reward proportionate to weight loss Frequency All instances incentivised Cash reward based on number of physically active minutes per week (Finkelstein et al, 2008) Some instances incentivised Grocery voucher for smoke-free breath test, measured once per week (Ballard & Radley, 2009) Immediacy Continuous (not categorical) variable How soon reward is received after behaviour is performed Schedule Fixed Weight loss reward at a fixed rate per pound lost (or maintained as lost) per month (Relton et al, …”

Section: Authors' Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrots, sticks and health behaviours: a framework for documenting the complexity of financial incentive interventions to change health behaviours

Adams

Giles

McColl

et al. 2013

Health Psychology Review

150

140

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“…This proved successful for one demonstration project 15 but not for others who had provided either free health care, or in one situation, monetary incentives to promote health care utilization. [16][17][18] These conflicting results suggest that at least some low-income families, even when insured and with an identified health care provider, relied on the emergency room for non-urgent health care. 8,11,[19][20][21] Another indicator demonstrating routine primary pediatric health care, and linked to emergency room visits, is immunization status.…”

Section: Health Care Utilization: Emergency Room Use and Immunizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community- versus Individual-Level Indicators to Identify Pediatric Health Care Need

Zlotnick¹

2006

J Urban Health

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Increasingly, geographic information systems employing spatial data are being used to identify communities with poorer health care status. Since health care indicators are strongly linked to income, could these data, usually based on adult indicators, be used for pediatric health care need? We hypothesized that individuallevel indicators such as quality of life scales (QOL) would be better than communitylevel indicators at identifying families with poorer health care practices. Surveys and medical record reviews were used for a sample of 174 caregivers of young children. Lower level of income was associated with poorer scores on several QOL domains, and on the primary health practices (i.e., non-urgent emergency room use and lack of age-appropriate immunization status). One community-level indicator, the medically underserved area (MUA), was almost as good as the best individual-level indicators at predicting primary health care practices. The community-level indicator of MUA appears to meet its initial intent, providing information on the location of very lowincome individuals with high health care need even among a sample of Medicaidinsured children with an identified health care provider.

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The Effect of Parental Monetary Sanctions on the Vaccination Status of Young Children

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Parental Financial Incentives for Increasing Preschool Vaccination Uptake: Systematic Review

Parental Financial Incentives for Increasing Preschool Vaccination Uptake: Systematic Review

Carrots, sticks and health behaviours: a framework for documenting the complexity of financial incentive interventions to change health behaviours

Community- versus Individual-Level Indicators to Identify Pediatric Health Care Need

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