The effect of physical training modality on exercise performance with police-related personal protective equipment

How Fit Are Special Operations Police Officers? A Comparison With Elite Athletes From Olympic Disciplines

“…In some countries, such minimum requirements have been abolished because of their discriminatory nature and the lack of scientific evidence (Anderson et al, 2001 ; Kirchengast, 2010 ). To date, a few studies have found a weak relationship between body height and occupational task performance (Orr et al, 2018 ; Zwingmann et al, 2021b ). In the study of Orr et al ( 2018 ), taller participants tended to be more successful on the Australian Specialist Selection Course.…”

“…Since elite athletes “have body sizes and compositions that closely match the specific constraints of their disciplines” (Haugen et al, 2018 ), this similarity could mainly come from the fact that in all these sports a large absolute strength and power output is crucial during physical contact with opponents or to accelerate heavy objects, such as a skull. Body mass, especially lean body mass, and a mesomorphic somatotype have not only been shown to positively correlate with power output in rowers and judokas (Nevill et al, 2010 ; Lewandowska et al, 2011 ), but also with intensive policing activities, such as heavy lifting, dragging, or carrying (Vanderburgh, 2008 ; Zwingmann et al, 2021b ). Contrary, increased body mass is associated with impaired endurance performance and increased energy expenditure (Vanderburgh, 2008 ; Zwingmann et al, 2021a , b ).…”

“…Body mass, especially lean body mass, and a mesomorphic somatotype have not only been shown to positively correlate with power output in rowers and judokas (Nevill et al, 2010 ; Lewandowska et al, 2011 ), but also with intensive policing activities, such as heavy lifting, dragging, or carrying (Vanderburgh, 2008 ; Zwingmann et al, 2021b ). Contrary, increased body mass is associated with impaired endurance performance and increased energy expenditure (Vanderburgh, 2008 ; Zwingmann et al, 2021a , b ). Therefore, and with respect to the varying physical demands of SOP units, it might not be a maximum but an optimum body size that is decisive for operational capability, roughly ranging from 181 to 184 cm and 81 to 85 kg when compared to elite athletes.…”

“…Aerobic power is another physical characteristic that is classified as crucial in police forces. Studies show that a high VO 2 max positively affects operational task performance (Sperlich et al, 2011 ; Hunt et al, 2013 ; Zwingmann et al, 2021b ) as well as injury prevalence (Orr et al, 2013 ). In competitive sports, it is believed to allow for improved recovery (Tomlin and Wenger, 2001 ) and to be an important requirement for gains in training volume and intensity.…”

Abdominal Center Strength Training in Table Tennis Players

“…The main ways of retrieving documents include CNKI, Ph.D. and Master's thesis database, the library of the College of Physical Education and other resources, including books on sports training, exercise physiology, item group theory, sports biochemistry, core training and other related books and literature on strength training, core strength training and table tennis training, and related materials are studied and sorted out to provide sufficient theoretical basis for the writing of the thesis. 6…”