The effect of propolis plus Hyoscyamus niger L. methanolic extract on clinical symptoms in patients with acute respiratory syndrome suspected to COVID‐19: A clinical trial

Abstract

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis. Nevertheless, no antiviral treatment has yet been proven effective for treating COVID-19 and symptomatic supportive cares have been the most common treatment. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of propolis and Hyoscyamus niger L. extract in patients with COVID-19. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 50 cases referred to Akhavan and Sepehri Clinics, Kashan university of medical sciences, Iran. Subjects were divided into two groups (intervention and placebo). This syrup (containing 1.6 mg of methanolic extract along with 450 mg

Potential effects of propolis and honey in COVID-19 prevention and treatment: A systematic review of in silico and clinical studies

“…1 ). Nine studies were in silico studies [7,8,16,25 − 30], while three studies were case reports or case series [18] , [31] , [32] , and the other three studies were RCTs [17] , [33] , [34] . Of the nine in silico studies, two studies determined the effect of propolis against SARS-CoV-2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [7] , [8] , six studies used SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme as the target enzyme [16,25 − 29], two studies used SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as the target enzyme [16] , [29] , three studies focused on spike protein subunit one [16] , [27] , [30] , and one study focused on spike protein subunit two [25] .…”

“…Three RCTs [17] , [33] , [34] reported the effect of propolis or honey, as an adjuvant to standard care, on clinical symptoms of COVID-19. One study reported the effect of honey with Nigella sativa seeds on time of clinical symptom improvement and time to viral clearance [17] .…”

“…One study reported the effect of honey with Nigella sativa seeds on time of clinical symptom improvement and time to viral clearance [17] . One study reported the effect of propolis plus Hyoscyamus niger extract on clinical symptom scores [33] . Another study reported the effect of Brazilian green propolis extract on length of hospital stay, oxygen therapy dependency time, the number of acute kidney injuries, the use of renal replacement therapy, invasive ventilation, vasoactive agents, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay [34] .…”

“…All included RCTs [17] , [33] , [34] were assessed as having high risk of bias. This was because of the lack of a clear randomization process, questionable outcome measures, or the selection of reported results (Supplementary file Table S5).…”

Can Propolis Be a Useful Adjuvant in Brain and Neurological Disorders and Injuries? A Systematic Scoping Review of the Latest Experimental Evidence

“…Propolis has been used therapeutically for centuries as it possesses various biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties [4][5][6]. Several preliminary clinical studies have also demonstrated the efficacy of propolis as an adjuvant for treating Sars Cov-2 infections [7,8]. Therefore, propolis appears to be a promising raw material for the future development of new therapeutic compounds.…”