The effect of site of starch digestion on performance of broiler chickens

Weurding, R. E.; Enting, H.; Verstegen, M.W.A.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(03)00219-0

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, it is unclear whether a diet containing rapidly, in contrast to slowly, digestible starch is more beneficial for the piglet, although there is some evidence that the latter may lead to better overall performance in broiler chickens (Weurding et al, 2003). The use of processing could reduce the range of CAD for starch, in such a way that the more severe the processing method, the more uniform the coefficients obtained at each tract region ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Effect Of Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical changes to starch granules during micronisation and extrusion processing of wheat, and their implications for starch digestibility in the newly weaned piglet

White

Doucet

Hill

et al. 2008

Animal

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Two trials were performed to assess changes in the physicochemical properties of precisely processed (micronised v. extruded) wheats, prior to inclusion in piglet diets. The in vitro data obtained were subsequently related to biological responses of newly weaned piglets over 14 days. The effects of the severity of micronisation (Trial 1) or extrusion (Trial 2) on the nutritional value of two wheats (varying in endosperm texture) were examined. Extrusion, in contrast to micronisation, drastically disrupted the structural properties of wheat starch granules through melting of crystallites and macromolecular degradation of starch polysaccharides. These structural changes strongly improved the hydration characteristics of starch and its digestibility. The amount of starch digested in vitro was approximately 0.20, 0.70 and 0.90 for the unprocessed, micronised and extruded samples, respectively. This enhanced in vitro digestibility correlated well with, and helped to explain, the significant improvement in the apparent digestibility of starch at both the 0.5 region (mean coefficients for extruded wheat were 0.869 and 0.959 v. raw 0.392; P 5 0.017) and 0.75 region (extruded 0.973 v. raw 0.809; P 5 0.009) of the small intestine, when compared with piglets fed an unprocessed wheat diet. Extrusion and, to a lesser extent, micronisation lessened the reduction in apparent starch digestibility on day 4 post-weaning, typically seen at the 0.5 intestinal region in piglets fed an unprocessed wheat diet. Processing variables influenced both in vitro and in vivo data, with for instance, a positive relationship between specific mechanical energy (SME) input during extrusion and starch digestibility at the 0.5 region. The higher digestibility coefficient observed at the 0.5 region for the high SME diet suggests enhanced digestion and more rapid release of starch. However, it remains to be seen whether a diet containing rapidly digestible, as opposed to slowly digestible, starch is more beneficial for piglets. This rate of starch breakdown in the piglet is an important finding, which may have implications in helping to alleviate the post-weaning growth check, particularly in the absence of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters. Processing did not appear to offer any benefit over unprocessed wheat with regard to daily live-weight gain or the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in the small intestine over the 14-day period. Based on the enhanced in vivo starch digestibility, performance might be improved over a longer period, although future studies are required to confirm this. Precise processing variables for raw materials must be stated in all animal trials.

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Section: Effect Of Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical changes to starch granules during micronisation and extrusion processing of wheat, and their implications for starch digestibility in the newly weaned piglet

White

Doucet

Hill

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…This dichotomy in extents and sites of starch digestion may account for the marked discrepancies in energy utilisation responses to SMBS between this and previous studies. The benefits of the slowly digestible starch, or starch digested in the three posterior segments of the small intestine, in broiler diets in relation to feed conversion efficiency were initially demonstrated by Weurding and his colleagues (Weurding et al 2001(Weurding et al , 2003a(Weurding et al , 2003bWeurding 2002). Importantly, these benefits were shown to extend to energy utilisation (AME, AMEn) in the Liu et al (2014) study where consideration was given to the probable underlying mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of sodium metabisulfite and microbial phytase, individually and in combination, to a sorghum-based diet for broiler chickens from 7 to 28 days post-hatch

Truong

Cadogan²,

Liu

et al. 2016

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Sodium metabisulfite (SMBS; 1.75 g/kg) and phytase (1000 FTU/kg), individually and in combination, were included in steam-pelleted, sorghum-based (580 g/kg) broiler diets from 7 to 28 days post-hatch. Rapid visco-analysis starch pasting properties of dietary treatments were monitored. Parameters of growth performance, nutrient utilisation, relative organ weights, toe ash, excreta moisture, apparent starch and nitrogen digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates in four small intestinal segments were determined. There were significant treatment interactions in the proximal jejunum (P < 0.01) and distal ileum (P < 0.05) for nitrogen digestibility coefficients. SMBS alone significantly increased jejunal nitrogen digestibility by 14.9% (0.634 vs 0.552) but the response to SMBS in combination with phytase was negligible (0.558 vs 0.552). SMBS alone significantly increased ileal nitrogen digestibility by 4.92% (0.786 vs 0.732) but the combination numerically improved digestibility by 0.96% (0.739 vs 0.732). SMBS alone tended to increase starch digestibility by 12.0% (0.691 vs 0.617; P = 0.064) in the proximal jejunum and increased rapidly digestible starch by 17.2% (116 vs 99 g/bird.day; P < 0.02). However, SMBS tended to depress apparent metabolisable energy by 0.33 MJ (P < 0.10). Therefore, consideration is given to the mechanisms influencing starch digestion rates, energy utilisation and nitrogen digestibility interactions between SMBS and phytase in this feeding study.

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“…The rate of digestion of the different wheat proteins has not been reported yet. However, it seems to be very high since the starch granules are embedded in the protein matrix and starch has been reported to be rapidly digested (Waldron et al, 1995;Wiseman et al, 2000;Weurding, 2002). Nevertheless, the difference in the nutritive value of wheat may come from the combination of the digestion rate of the protein first and of the starch subsequently after.…”

Section: The Broilermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waldron et al, (1995) found significant differences in rate of starch hydrolysis between two wheat varieties (Dean and Beaver) with Dean samples showing 29% greater rate of starch hydrolysis than that in Beaver samples. It appears that starch digestion rate may partly explain differences in animal performance (Waldron et al, 1995;Wiseman et al, 2000;Weurding, 2002).…”

Section: The Broilermentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in wheat: factors affecting its nutritional value

Gutiérrez-Alamo¹,

Ayala²,

Verstegen

et al. 2008

World's Poultry Science Journal

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Wheat is a common raw material used to provide energy in broiler diets. Its apparent metabolisable energy and its influence on broiler performance varies between wheat samples. Reasons for that variability can be classified as intrinsic (variety, chemical composition) and extrinsic factors (growing conditions, storage, etc.), both of which affect nutrient digestibility and availability. However, these factors are not always considered when formulating the diets for broiler chickens. Moreover, research through the years has questioned the relation between wheat AME and animal performance. This review aims to describe factors that influence the observed variability in wheat nutritive value for broiler chickens by considering origin (variety, growing conditions and post-harvest storage), chemical composition of the grain (carbohydrates and protein) and the broiler chicken.

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The effect of site of starch digestion on performance of broiler chickens

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Physicochemical changes to starch granules during micronisation and extrusion processing of wheat, and their implications for starch digestibility in the newly weaned piglet

Physicochemical changes to starch granules during micronisation and extrusion processing of wheat, and their implications for starch digestibility in the newly weaned piglet

Addition of sodium metabisulfite and microbial phytase, individually and in combination, to a sorghum-based diet for broiler chickens from 7 to 28 days post-hatch

Variability in wheat: factors affecting its nutritional value

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