“…The use of additives in flexible and concrete pavements has become popular in recent years. Various studies have shown that additives have been able to improve most of the engineering properties of pavements (Zarei and Zahedi, 2016;Zahedi et al, 2017a;Zahedi et al, 2017b;Zahedi et al, 2020;Janmohammadi et al, 2020;Zarei et al, 2020b;Zarei et al, 2020c;Abdi Kordani et al, 2021;Rassafi et al, 2021;Sodeyfi et al, 2021;Zarei et al, 2021;Zarei et al, 2022a;Zarei et al, 2022b;Zarei et al, 2022c;Za-rei et al, 2022d;Tabasi et la., 2023a;Tabasi et al, 2023b;Xiong et al, 2023;Hos-seini et al 2023;Tabasi et al 2023c;Ziaee et al 2023;Liu et al 2023;Wang et al 2024;Qiu et al 2024;Yang et al 2024). With this concept, many chemicals in the world are used as de-icing at airports.…”