The Effect of Temperature on the Grafting of Acrylic Acid onto Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Abstract. This paper reports the removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions using carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid) CMC-g-PAA hydrogel as an adsorbent. The hydrogel was prepared through graft copolymerization of acrylic acid monomer onto a carboxymethyl cellulose backbone in the presence of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking-agent using benzoyl peroxide initiator system. Isotherm for the adsorption of nickel on CMC-g-PAA hydrogel was developed and the equilibrium data fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The result showed that at pH of 5 and shaker speed of 100 rpm, Freundlich model was better fitted than Langmuir model, of which R 2 = 0.999 and R 2 = 0.935, respectively. The constant of Langmuir model was KL value = 0.003 and qmax = 1000 mg/g, whereas the constant of Freundlich model n = 1.2 and KF = 4.614. The CMC-g-PAA hydrogel before and after Ni(II) adsorption were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). IntroductionEnvironmental pollution by toxic metals arises from industries, agricultural effluents and waste disposal from various sources. Many industries such as metal plating facilities, mining operations and tanneries discharge waste containing heavy metal ions.As pollutants, heavy metals were intensively studied due to their significance from the point of view of persistence and toxicity. These toxic metals can cause accumulative poisoning, cancer, and brain damage when present at above the tolerance levels. The agencies for the environmental monitoring have set permissible limits for heavy metals levels in drinking water because of their harmful effects. The removal and rapid decontamination of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Hg become very important for the environmental remediation [1]. The World Health Organization has recommended strict controls on the percentages of various heavy metals in effluent waters [2].Hydrogels are water-swollen crosslinked network of hydrophilic polymer. Due to the hydrophilic groups in their backbone, hydrogels can imbibe large quantities of water and swells. The degree of hydrogel swelling is related to the degree of crosslinker, ionic strength of the solution, temperature, pH, and the presence and extent of hydrophilic groups such as -OH, -COOH, -NH2, -CONH2, and SO3H. These functional groups in the hydrogel networks can be utilized for the toxic metal ion removal. Hydrogels can also be modified with new functionalities or prepared as composites with clays and with other materials to increase the metal ion absorption capacities [3][4][5][6].

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“…The hydrogel adsorbent was oven-dried and washed with distilled water and acetone. This adsorbent was available from a previous study [13]. …”

Section: Methods 221 Preparation Of Cmc-g-paa Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotherm adsorption studies of Ni(II) ion removal from aqueous solutions by modified carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel

Anah

Astrini

2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…and their derivatives caused by hydrogen bond interactions between carbonyl groups in the polymer molecules and hydroxyl groups and amino groups of the gra molecules. [109][110][111] Introducing cationic groups via graing can endow hydrogels with pH responsiveness. For example, Lee et al 112 prepared a gra pH sensitivity hydrogels, which composed of chitosan and PNIPAm.…”

Section: (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of inverse opal photonic crystal hydrogels in the preparation of acid–base color-changing materials

Wei,

Chen,

Yang

2024

RSC Adv.

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“…They could show that their composite material could adsorb copper even in the presence of K + , Na + , and Mg 2+ , although the adsorption capacities were slightly lower when coions were present. Other studies also investigated the influence of the pH on the adsorption capacities of functionalized cellulose . However, if cellulose‐based materials are used under realistic conditions to remove heavy metal ions from water, more in depth investigations on parameters like pH and coions are necessary.…”

Section: Applications For Functionalized Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Cellulose for Water Purification, Antimicrobial Applications, and Sensors

Bethke

Palantöken

Andrei

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

215

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As the most abundant natural polymer, cellulose presents a unique advantage for large-scale applications. To fully unlock its potential, the introduction of desired functional groups onto the cellulose backbone is required, which can be realized by either chemical bonding or physical surface interactions. This review gives an overview of the chemistry behind the state-of-the-art functionalization methods (e.g., oxidation, esterification, grafting) for cellulose in its various forms, from nanocrystals to bacterial cellulose. The existing and foreseeable applications of the obtained products are presented in detail, spanning from water purification and antibacterial action, to sensing, energy harvesting, and catalysis. A special emphasis is put on the interactions of functionalized cellulose with heavy metals, focusing on copper as a prime example. For the latter, its toxicity can either have a harmful influence on aquatic life, or it can be conveniently employed for microbial disinfection. The reader is further introduced to recent sensing technologies based on functionalized cellulose, which are becoming crucial for the near future especially with the emergence of the internet of things. By revealing the potential of water filters and conductive clothing for mass implementation, the near future of cellulose-based technologies is also discussed.not suitable for drinking water treatment in rural areas or not applicable on a large scale. Other methods involving materials which have high adsorption capacities for pollutants, for example activated charcoal have been explored. [27,28] Nevertheless, there are no universal adsorbents for all pollutants, meaning that superior alternatives are still required. In recent years, biodegradable adsorbents such as cellulose and chitosan have attracted much attention for the removal of heavy metals.In particular cellulose has a number of advantages, which include high abundance, low cost, easy access, nontoxicity and biodegradability. It is particularly suited for the removal of low concentrations of heavy metals which occur in contaminated ground or tap water. [26] Beyond the aspects of copper removal from water, in this review we indicate how the metal's increased toxicity for microbial life can present an advantage for medical applications. Moreover, we also take a closer look at further applications of functionalized cellulose, including catalysis and sensing, which can make a great impact regarding energy conversion and management. The inclusion of conductive cellulose sensors within the internet of things global network is of particular interest, since an accurate weather forecast can provide swift adjustments in the usage of the often intermittent renewable energy sources. In order to understand what confers functionalized cellulose its versatility for broad applications, we first exemplify the functionalization techniques on a molecular basis.

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The Effect of Temperature on the Grafting of Acrylic Acid onto Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Isotherm adsorption studies of Ni(II) ion removal from aqueous solutions by modified carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel

Isotherm adsorption studies of Ni(II) ion removal from aqueous solutions by modified carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel

Applications of inverse opal photonic crystal hydrogels in the preparation of acid–base color-changing materials

Functionalized Cellulose for Water Purification, Antimicrobial Applications, and Sensors

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