The Effect of Temperature on the Photochemical Degradation of Textile Materials

Egerton, G. S.; Shah, Kamran

doi:10.1177/004051756803800204

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The photo degradation was analyzed under normal (oxygen containing) atmosphere with bright fibers (i.e. without pigments) by following the effects on the tensile strength [55], or with powders by following the effects on the intrinsic viscosity [52]. Under similar conditions the acetate fibers were more stable than rayon fibers.…”

Section: Degradation By Far Uv-lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photo activity of TiO 2 types has been extensively studied [55,60,[62][63][64][65]. Figure 10 the photo oxidation mechanism of anatase titanium dioxide in the semiconductor model according to [61].…”

Section: Degradation By Near Uv-light: Catalytic Photo Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of temperature and humidity on the titanium dioxide catalyzed degradation of acetate yarns was studied by Egerton et al [55] who found that higher temperatures and particularly a high humidity will enhance the degradation. These findings can be understood with the above mentioned mechanism which includes the temperature required for the cleavage of peroxides in the chain radical mechanism, the moisture adsorbed on the titanium dioxide surface to be oxidized, and to avoid the recombination of the excited states.…”

Section: Degradation By Near Uv-light: Catalytic Photo Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials: A Review

Puls¹,

Wilson

Hölter³

2010

J Polym Environ

535

321

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Cellulose acetate polymer is used to make a variety of consumer products including textiles, plastic films, and cigarette filters. A review of degradation mechanisms, and the possible approaches to diminish the environmental persistence of these materials, will clarify the current and potential degradation rates of these products after disposal. Various studies have been conducted on the biodegradability of cellulose acetate, but no review has been compiled which includes biological, chemical, and photo chemical degradation mechanisms. Cellulose acetate is prepared by acetylating cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer. Cellulose is readily biodegraded by organisms that utilize cellulase enzymes, but due to the additional acetyl groups cellulose acetate requires the presence of esterases for the first step in biodegradation. Once partial deacetylation has been accomplished either by enzymes, or by partial chemical hydrolysis, the polymer's cellulose backbone is readily biodegraded. Cellulose acetate is photo chemically degraded by UV wavelengths shorter than 280 nm, but has limited photo degradability in sunlight due to the lack of chromophores for absorbing ultraviolet light. Photo degradability can be significantly enhanced by the addition of titanium dioxide, which is used as a whitening agent in many consumer products. Photo degradation with TiO 2 causes surface pitting, thus increasing a material's surface area which enhances biodegradation. The combination of both photo and biodegradation allows a synergy that enhances the overall degradation rate. The physical design of a consumer product can also facilitate enhanced degradation rate, since rates are highly influenced by the exposure to environmental conditions. The patent literature contains an abundance of ideas for designing consumer products that are less persistent in the outdoors environment, and this review will include insights into enhanced degradability designs.

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Section: Degradation By Far Uv-lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Degradation By Near Uv-light: Catalytic Photo Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Degradation By Near Uv-light: Catalytic Photo Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials: A Review

Puls¹,

Wilson

Hölter³

2010

J Polym Environ

535

321

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“…37 sufficient energy to cause dissociation of chemical bonds in textile polymers. However, as temperatures increase, the rates of any reactions initiated by other means usually increase [11,15]. Hence, the temperatures encountered during both types of exposure probably would not cause the completely different degradation rankings which occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Spectral Distributions of Sun-Sky and Xenon-Arc Radiation in Relation to the Degradation of Some Textile Yarns

Wall

Frank

1971

Textile Research Journal

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The effects of xenon-arc radiation, using an Atlas Weather-Ometer and a clear glass pyrex filter system, on the breaking strength, extension-to-break, and the energy-to-break for several nylon, polyester, and polyester/cotton yarns were compared to these of outdoor exposure behind window glass. Both types of exposure resulted in similar, related rates of loss for these properties for all yarns. Lamp age in the Weather-Ometer intluenced degradation rates in some cases. All nylon yarns degraded slowly during Weather-Ometer exposure and rapidly outdoors behind window-glass, in comparison to polyester, while the polyester/cotton yarns degraded at similar rates in both locations. Yarn-denier variation and the presence of an optical, brightener had no detectable effect on degradation rates. Sensitization by anatase in nylon and polyester yarns occurred during outdoor exposure, but not during Weather-Ometer exposure.

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“…Carrothers (1957) reported that on average, a well-maintained PA net loses about 25% of its strength during the first season and another 10% during the second season. When conducting weathering and light exposure tests, loss in breaking strength was commonly used as a measure of the amount of degradation (Egerton and Shah, 1968;Little and Parsons, 1967;Singleton et al, 1965). Al-Oufi et al (2004) assessed both the breaking strength and elongation capability as measures of the effects of solar radiation on PA continuous filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%