The effect of Tetracycline Loaded on Nanochitosan in the Treatment of Induced Infection with Porphyromonas Gingivalis; ( Histological and Immunohistochemical Study )

Abstract

Background: The use of nanoparticles for medication delivery offers the possibility of avoiding the negative effects of systemic antibiotic dosing as well as antibiotic resistance in bacteria.Aim of the study: the goal of this study was to see the efficiency of local administration of tetracycline loaded on nanochitosan in the treatment of the induced infection of the albino rats gingiva with Porphyromonas gingivalis through Immunohistochemical localization of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) as a proinflammatory cytokine.Material and methods: Fifty adult male albino rats 150 -180 grams body weight used in this investigation. The animals were observed for any body weight changes. The male albino rats were divided haphazardly into five groups as: Group I involved 10 rats; they served as normal negative control group. Group II involved 10 rats, they were infected once with P.gingivalis that injected into the interdental gingiva. Group III involved 10 rats, they were subjected to the same procedure as group II then to daily injection at the site of infection with diluted tetracycline powder. Group IV involved 10 rats they were subjected to the same procedure as group II then to daily injection of nano Chitosan at site of injection. Group V involved 10 rats they were subjected to the same procedure as group II then to daily injection of Tetracycline loaded on nano Chitosan at site of injection. After rats had been euthanized, the extraction and preparation of their ginigiva were carried out in order to examine histologically and immunohistochemically. Results:The light microscopic results of group II, III and IV showed degeneration represented by swollen epithelial cells, collagen fibers dissociation of the connective tissue of lamina propria and areas of basement membrane discontinuation, while groups I and V showed almost normal histological picture of gingival tissue. Immunohistochemical results showed significant difference in Group II and III when compared to control. No significance difference appears in group V when compared to control (group I). Conclusion:Tetracycline loaded on chitosan nanoparticle could represent a new trend to overcome the tetracycline resistance and to avoid the antibiotic adverse effects.