The effect of the new “24 hour alcohol licensing law” on the incidence of facial trauma in London

El-Maaytah, Mohammed; Smith, Samantha F.; Jerjes, Waseem; Upile, Tahwinder; Petrie, Aviva; Kalavrezos, Nicholas; Ayliffe, Peter; Newman, Laurence; Hopper, Colin; Lloyd, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.01.018

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Alcohol impairs judgment, brings out aggression, often leads to inter-personal violence and road traffic accident [16,18]. In the study, 33.5 % of patients were under alcohol influence and males accounted for 99 % of this group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Etiology, Incidence and Patterns of Mid-Face Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries

Septa¹,

Newaskar²,

Agrawal³

et al. 2012

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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A prospective study on mid-face fractures was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at College of Dentistry, Indore, from August 2007 to September 2009 to analyze etiology, incidence and patterns of midface fractures and associated ocular injuries. Two hundred patients were included in this study, amongst those who reported to the Department of OMFS, College of Dentistry, Indore. After confirmed diagnosis of mid face fracture all the patients were stratified according to age, sex, cause of the accident, influence of alcohol, location, type of fractures and associated ocular injuries. The study included 200 patients with a mean age of 29.6 years. The most frequently injured patients belonged to the 21-30 year-old age group. The male predilection was 76 %. Road traffic accident was the most common causative factor (64 %), followed by assault (21 %), cases of fall (9.5 %) and other causes (5.5 %). The most common fracture in this study was found to be zygomatic complex fractures (62.5 %) (more in the age group of 21-30 years). This was followed by Lefort II fractures (23 %), multiple fractures (10 %) and Lefort I fractures (6 %), Lefort III fractures (4.5 %) and Naso-ethmoidal fractures (4 %) in descending order. 84.5 % subjects were having ocular involvement. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was present mostly in 83.5 % followed by remaining as corneal injury 15 %, reduced acuity 11.5 %, diplopia 10.5 %, enophthalmos 8.5 %, telecanthus 5 %, hyphema 3.5 %, blindness 3 % and proptosis 0.5 %. Zygomatic complex fractures were the most frequent type of injury that was complicated by blindness or a serious eye injury (61 %). Collection of data regarding the epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures is important because it may assist healthcare providers to provide necessary information for the development and evaluation of preventive measures. Ocular injuries should have an early ophthalmological examination at the time of trauma to detect any kind of ocular dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Etiology, Incidence and Patterns of Mid-Face Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries

Septa¹,

Newaskar²,

Agrawal³

et al. 2012

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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“…Adoption of restrictive laws for consuming alcohol and drugs is known for reducing traffic accidents (27). In Brazil it was created two main federal law to prohibit and mainly punish the combination of alcohol and driving which effectively reduced number of victims (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol abusive use increases facial trauma?

Soares-Carneiro¹,

Vasconcelos²,

da-Silva³

et al. 2016

Med Oral

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BackgroundTrauma is among the main death causes and morbidity in the world and is often related to the use of alcohol and its abuse has reached massive proportions, no matter if the country is developed or not, being considered as public health problem. Since there are very few randomized and prospective studies in literature about the association of facial trauma and the use of alcohol, this study aims to investigate the impact of alcohol use in facial trauma.Material and MethodsThis was a prospective and cross sectional study, involving facial trauma patients attended at Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Division of a State Hospital. Variables included patient´s profile, trauma etiology, facial region involved, type of injury and treatment and days of hospitalization. AUDIT test was applied to identify risks and damages of alcohol use and chemical dependence. Absolute distribution, uni and mutilvaried percentages were made for data evaluation. Pearson´s qui-squared and Fisher´s Exact tests were also used.ResultsOne hundred patients were evaluated. The patient´s mean age was 33.50 years-old, 48% had between 17 and 29 years old, 28% had 30 to 39, and 24% 40 or more. Most of them were male (86%). The most frequent etiology was traffic accident (57%), the extraoral area was most committed (62%), the most frequent type of injury was fractures (78%) and the most affected bone was the mandible (36%). More than half of the patients (53%) had surgical treatment. 38% had their discharge from hospital right after the first attendance. The AUDIT most frequent answer was “moderate use” (46%) and use at risk (39%). There was significant difference between the use of alcohol (AUDIT) and hematoma (0.003) and number of days of hospitalization (p=0.005).ConclusionsIn this study it was not observed association between alcohol consumption using the AUDIT and trauma etiology, but patient victims of traffic accidents were classified as with risk in the scale. Most of the trauma were caused by traffic accidents using motorcycles and occurred in young aged men. Key words:Wounds and injuries, traumatology and alcohol-induced disorders.

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“…For example, one study examined a change in British law that resulted in modest increases in sales times for the majority of pubs in the United Kingdom and found a significant increase in alcohol-related assaults and injuries (Newton, Sarker, Gurjinderpal, van den Bergh, & Young, 2007). In contrast, two other studies found that the same law was associated with a reduction in head and neck traumas resulting from alcohol-related assaults (El-Maaytah et al, 2008). …”

Section: Evidence Linking Alcohol Policy and Sexual Violencementioning

confidence: 94%

Exploring Alcohol Policy Approaches to Prevent Sexual Violence Perpetration

Lippy

DeGue

2014

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Sexual violence continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide with serious consequences for individuals and communities. The implementation of prevention strategies that address risk and protective factors for sexual violence at the community level are important components of a comprehensive approach, but few such strategies have been identified or evaluated. The current review explores one potential opportunity for preventing sexual violence perpetration at the community level: alcohol policy. Alcohol policy has the potential to impact sexual violence perpetration through the direct effects of excessive alcohol consumption on behavior or through the impact of alcohol and alcohol outlets on social organization within communities. Policies affecting alcohol pricing, sale time, outlet density, drinking environment, marketing, and college environment are reviewed to identify existing evidence of impact on rates of sexual violence or related outcomes, including risk factors and related health behaviors. Several policy areas with initial evidence of an association with sexual violence outcomes were identified, including policies affecting alcohol pricing, alcohol outlet density, barroom management, sexist content in alcohol marketing, and policies banning alcohol on campus and in substance-free dorms. We identify other policy areas with evidence of an impact on related outcomes and risk factors that may also hold potential as a preventative approach for sexual violence perpetration. Evidence from the current review suggests that alcohol policy may represent one promising avenue for the prevention of sexual violence perpetration at the community level, but additional research is needed to directly examine effects on sexual violence outcomes.

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The effect of the new “24 hour alcohol licensing law” on the incidence of facial trauma in London

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Etiology, Incidence and Patterns of Mid-Face Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries

Etiology, Incidence and Patterns of Mid-Face Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries

Alcohol abusive use increases facial trauma?

Exploring Alcohol Policy Approaches to Prevent Sexual Violence Perpetration

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