The effect of using recycled PET aggregates on mechanical and durability properties of 3D printed mortar

Skibicki, Szymon; Pultorak, M; Kaszyńska, Maria; Hoffmann, Marko; Ekiert, Ewa; Sibera, D.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127443

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The current work focused on powder constituent materials (cement and aggregates) of 3DPCC and has conducted an exhaustive review to collect mixture proportions. From the literature survey, 157 3DPCC mixture proportions were found in 47 references [ 34 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]. Even though 3DCP has been under scrutiny recently, the actual values, in terms of weight (kg/m 3 ) or volume (m 3 /m 3 ), of each constituent material employed in the mixture formulations were not always available in the literature; sometimes only some mixture design rat...…”

Section: Mixtures Proportionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanical properties and bulk density are significantly affected by rubber incorporation [ 71 ]. In addition, recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), a type of thermoplastic polymer, was also incorporated as aggregate in 3DPCC [ 73 ], demonstrating that 10% vol. recycled PET does not significantly affect compressive strength at early ages.…”

Section: Powder Constituent Materials: Characterization and Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Whiskers box of aggregate-to-binder weight ratio for 157 mixtures design based on literature survey (data source: [ 30 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ]). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

Fonseca¹,

Matos

2023

Materials

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Three-dimensional Cementitious materials Printing (3DCP) is a cutting-edge technology for the construction industry. Three-dimensional printed buildings have shown that a well-developed automated technology can foster valuable benefits, such as a freeform architectural design without formworks and reduced human intervention. However, scalability, commercialization and sustainability of the 3DPC technology remain critical issues. The current work presents the ecological fragility, challenges and opportunities inherent in decreasing the 3DCP environmental footprint at a material level (cementitious materials and aggregates). The very demanding performance of printable mixtures, namely in a fresh state, requires high dosages of cement and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). Besides the heavy carbon footprint of cement production, the standard SCM availability might be an issue, especially in the longer term. One exciting option to decrease the embodied CO2 of 3DCP is, for example, to incorporate alternative and locally available SCM as partial cement replacements. Those alternative SCM can be wastes or by-products from industries or agriculture, with no added value. Moreover, the partial replacement of natural aggregate can also bring advantages for natural resource preservation. This work has highlighted the enormous potential of 3DCP to contribute to reducing the dependence on Portland cement and to manage the current colossal wastes and by-products with no added value, shifting to a Circular Economy. Though LCA analysis, mixture design revealed a critical parameter in the environmental impact of 3DCP elements or buildings. Even though cement significantly affects the LCA of 3DCP, it is crucial to achieving adequate fresh properties and rheology. From the literature survey, mixtures formulated with alternative SCM (wastes or by-products) are still restricted to rice husk ash, Municipal Solid Waste ashes and recycled powder from construction and demolition wastes. Natural aggregate replacement research has been focused on recycled fine sand, mine tailing, copper tailing, iron tailing, ornamental stone waste, recycled glass, crumb rubber, rubber powder and granules, recycled PET bottles and steel slag. However, flowability loss and mechanical strength decrease are still critical. Research efforts are needed to find low-carbon cement replacements and mix-design optimization, leading to a more sustainable and circular 3DCP while ensuring the final product performance.

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Section: Mixtures Proportionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powder Constituent Materials: Characterization and Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

Fonseca¹,

Matos

2023

Materials

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“…However, the question remains whether these substitutions can be proposed as the long‐term solutions. A few studies proved the compatibility of using different recycled materials, which could increase the sustainability as well as minimize the carbon emission to the environment 4,5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies proved the compatibility of using different recycled materials, which could increase the sustainability as well as minimize the carbon emission to the environment. 4,5 Manufactured sand (MS) is a feasible substitution for river sand, which give merits, and demerits for plastic and hardened state performance of cement-based mixes due to its cubical shape and rough surface texture particles. [6][7][8][9] These characteristics of MS are effective in producing high-strength and ultra-high strength concretes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic settlement and hardened state assessments of manufactured sand made concrete for varying microfine levels

Arulmoly

Konthesingha

Nanayakkara

2022

Structural Concrete

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Manufactured sand (MS) has been started utilizing as an alternative in constructions due to the escalated demand for river sand (RS). The microfine aggregate (MFA) is a salient constituent in manufactured sand, which is a crushed reactive form of parent rocks having particles less than 0.075 mm. This paper presents the effects of varying microfine aggregate levels on bleeding, plastic shrinkage cracking (PSC) and compressive strength of MS made concrete. Two types of MS were utilized: MS from Hornblende‐Gneiss rock (MH) and MS from Charnockite rock (MC) and the MFA level was ranged from 0% to 12% at 3% increments and the reference concrete was prepared with RS alone. With the MFA levels, the bleeding of MS concretes was reduced where, at 0% MFA level the maximum bleeding rates were observed for MC (1.63 kg/m2) and MH (0.84 kg/m2) concretes. PSC results were analyzed from an image processing technique, which revealed an increasing trend of mean and maximum crack widths, crack length and crack area with the MFA levels. At 0% MFA, the mean crack width of MC (0.19 mm) and MH (0.17 mm) concretes manifested marginally similar to RS concrete (0.17 mm). The decreasing bleeding with the MFA levels can be attributed to the increasing severity to PSC. Moreover, the optimum 28 days compressive strength of MC (57.5 MPa) and MH (56.1 MPa) concretes was achieved at 3% MFA level which are higher than RS concrete (51.5 MPa). Consequently, the MFA level should be limited to 3% for better plastic and hardened performance of MS made concrete.

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Sustainable Development Approach for 3D Concrete Printing

Kaszyńska,

Skibicki

2024

Springer Proceedings in Materials

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In the current era, sustainability has gained significant importance within the field of civil engineering. The promising technology of 3D printing for cementitious materials addresses the mentioned challenges. This study provides a briefly overview of the sustainable approach to 3D printed concrete, covering both technological and material aspects. The paper presents a thorough analysis of the essential properties of 3D printed concrete from a sustainable perspective. Specifically, the composition of binders and aggregates is examined in relation to sustainable development. In case of technological aspects various research studies have demonstrated that the mentioned aspects of 3D concrete printing have the potential to achieve a minimum reduction of 50% in CO2 emissions. Furthermore, modifying materials can help protect natural resources from depletion, and the use of alternative binders can further reduce CO2 emissions. The findings presented in this work pave the way for new directions in future research endeavors.

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The effect of using recycled PET aggregates on mechanical and durability properties of 3D printed mortar

Cited by 38 publications

References 68 publications

3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

3D Construction Printing Standing for Sustainability and Circularity: Material-Level Opportunities

Plastic settlement and hardened state assessments of manufactured sand made concrete for varying microfine levels

Sustainable Development Approach for 3D Concrete Printing

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