The effective source area of 90Sr for a stream near Chernobyl, Ukraine

Freed, Rina; Smith, Leslie; Bugai, D.

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.07.002

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Based on the clear relationship between 90 Sr and Q from Chernobyl [24][25][26] , we assumed that the 90 Sr-Q relationship in Chernobyl rivers could be described by the parametric C-Q model [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . As the C-Q relationship, which is primarily determined by the solutes produced from mineral weathering/leaching, is governed by geochemical processes and climate, it is assumed to be in a steady state.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recurring annual pattern in Q, which rises in the spring and falls in the summer, is clearly influenced by snow melting in spring 11,25,26 and the increase in evapotranspiration in summer 28 . As for the 90 Sr-Q relationship, studies have shown that 90 Sr increases when the flow rate of the main stream of the Pripyat River increases during the snowmelt period 14,15 , and 90 Sr concentration have also been found to increase with spring floods in small catchments under the influence of discharge levels 25,26 . Interestingly, the normalized surface wash-off coefficient for dissolved-phase 90 Sr (N l ( 90 Sr)) during summer rainfall events is almost twice that of the snowmelt season 1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between dissolved ions and/or other substances and the discharge rate (C-Q relationship) is a general phenomenon that has been widely observed for soluble ions and dissolved organic carbon in various river water systems worldwide [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . The tight coupling between 90 Sr and the stream discharge rate (Q) in CEZ rivers can be explained by the empirical and theoretical background and parametric modelling developed in previous hydrochemical studies [24][25][26] . Based on these studies, the variations in stream chemistry with respect to discharge can be explained by the variations in water and solute fluxes with respect to depth for a representative soil profile 19,22 .…”

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Simulating dissolved 90Sr concentrations within a small catchment in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone using a parametric hydrochemical model

Igarashi

Onda

Smith

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Strontium-90 (90 Sr) is the major long-lived radionuclide derived from the chernobyl accident, and is still being detected in the heavily contaminated catchments of the chernobyl exclusion Zone. this study examines the long-term decrease in the dissolved-phase 90 Sr concentration and the concentrationdischarge (90 Sr-Q) relationship in stream water since the accident. We show that the slow decline in 90 Sr follows a double-exponential function, and that there is a clear relationship between 90 Sr and Q. This study is the first to reveal that the log(90 Sr)-log(Q) slope has been gradually decreasing since the accident. this trend persists after decay correction. thus, it is not caused by the physical decay of 90 Sr and environmental diffusion, but implies that the concentration formation processes in stream water have been changing over a long period. We propose a hydrochemical model to explain the timedependency of the 90 Sr-Q relationship. this paper presents a mathematical implementation of the new concept and describes the model assumptions. our model accurately represents both the long-term 90 Sr trend in stream water and the time-dependency of the 90 Sr-Q relationship. Although this paper considers a small catchment in chernobyl, the conceptual model is shown to be applicable to other accidental releases of radionuclides. It has been 34 years since the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP) accident in Ukraine (Fig. 1), when large amounts of radionuclides were released into the environment. At present, high levels of dissolved-phase strontium-90 (90 Sr) are still being detected in the small catchment streams inside the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) (Fig. 2b). The main long-term source of exchangeable and available 90 Sr in the CEZ soils is micron-sized "fuel particles" (FP) that are gradually dissolving. These are derived from the accidental release from CNPP Unit 4 on 26 April, 1986, and were formed by the mechanical destruction of nuclear fuel. The dissolution rate of FP in CEZ soils varies from several percent to several tens of percent of the activity inventory per year, depending on the degree of oxidation of the particle UO 2 matrix and the ambient geochemical conditions (e.g. soil solution pH and oxygen availability) 1-6. The 90 Sr from small streams in the CEZ is discharged into the main Pripyat river, which is a critical component of the Dnieper river-reservoir system, one of the largest surface water systems in Europe 7. Through this river system, 90 Sr is also transported to the Kiev metropolitan area in Ukraine. Therefore, predicting and evaluating the radionuclide flux within the water system, and using models to evaluate the potential radiological consequences to the downstream population, remain important tasks.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating dissolved 90Sr concentrations within a small catchment in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone using a parametric hydrochemical model

Igarashi

Onda

Smith

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Instead, it promotes the dissolution of 460 radionuclides with high solubility (e.g., 90 Sr) in the natural environment [29,48,50]. 461…”

Section: Representativeness Of Collected Ss Samples 345mentioning

confidence: 99%

Year-round variations in the fluvial transport load of particulate 137Cs in a forested catchment affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Matsunaga

Nakanishi

Atarashi-Andoh

et al. 2016

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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“…For Bayou waters, only naproxen (2.1-4.8 ng/L) and bisphenol A (0.9-44 ng/L) were detected. Freed et al (2004) Pollutants to surface water from agricultural/rural sources. Stream water P concentrations for 3 nested pastureland catchments in southern Ireland were monitored to define the hydrological controls on the P transport (Scanlon et al, 2004).…”

Section: Water Quality Of Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonpoint Sources

Gang¹,

Qiang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2005

Water Environment Research

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As rainfall, snowmelt, and irrigation run over the land or through the ground, pick up pollutants, and carry them into rivers, lakes, and coastal waters or introduce them into ground water, nonpoint sources (NPS) pollution occurs. The most significant NPS pollutants are nutrients (particularly nitrogen and phosphorus) and sediments. The primary agricultural sources of nutrients which can contribute to NPS pollution are animal manure and fertilizer. This article reviews 2004 literature on several aspects of NPS pollution, including general policy, economics, attitudes and general; NPS characterization; best management practices (BMPs) for NPS control; modeling and monitoring; and NPS control and management. POLICY, ECONOMICS, ATTITUDES, AND GENERALThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and State water quality agencies are placing increasing emphasis on addressing the problems caused by NPS pollution, which is now the leading cause of water pollution in the United States (Davenport, 2004). EPA has implemented several programs under the Clean Water Act that attempt to address this issue, including the development of water quality standards for nutrients, implementation of State nonpoint source programs, and point source regulations for animal feeding operations. Frisvold (2004) examined the effects of U. S. 2528federal farm programs on agricultural water use and water quality. Agriculture has been identified as the largest contributor to NPS water pollution. Nonpoint pollution from agriculture is also an important environmental policy issue in Spain and the European Union (Martinez and Albiac, 2004). The ongoing policy decision process analyzing results indicated that abatement measures based on input taxes and standards on nitrogen appeared to be more suitable than the National Irrigation Plan.A statewide assessment of the impacts of phosphorus-index implementation in Pennsylvania has been done by Kogelmann et al. (2004). Results showed that various regions of Pennsylvania would be affected by the P-index restrictions for different reasons. Soil P was found to increase with increasing animal density and the highest animal density areas had a large number of nutrient impaired streams. Gergel et al.(2004) tested the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Dane County, Wisconsin, using NPS pollution time series data for Lake Mendota throughout the 20th century. The EKC did not describe the relationship between all ecological and economic indicators tested. The results showed that the increasing pollution with increasing wealth and economic prosperity could not be expected to improve all aspects of the environment.During the last three decades, coastal zones around the globe have shown increasing evidence of degradation, primarily due to human activities. Eutrophication resulting from increased nutrient input and chemical pollution from point and nonpoint sources were among the most serious threats to the health of coastal marine communities (Marcus, 2004). The coastal areas of the Southern Baltic Sea were highly ...

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The effective source area of 90Sr for a stream near Chernobyl, Ukraine

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Simulating dissolved 90Sr concentrations within a small catchment in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone using a parametric hydrochemical model

Simulating dissolved 90Sr concentrations within a small catchment in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone using a parametric hydrochemical model

Year-round variations in the fluvial transport load of particulate 137Cs in a forested catchment affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

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