The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for reducing rumination and improving mindfulness and self-compassion in patients with treatment-resistant depression

Foroughi, Aliakbar; Sadeghi, Kheirollah; Parvizifard, Aliakbar; Moghadam, Arash Parsa; Davarinejad, Omran; Farnia, Vahid; Azar, Ghazale

doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0016

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Some studies had monitored 45 participants for 42 days on the mindfulness intervention 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987537 process, and it was found that the degree of ruminative thinking decreased significantly after 1 week and 1 month (Andreotti et al, 2018). Experimental research has been conducted and found that mindfulness cognitive therapy reduces depression and ruminative thinking in the experimental group (Foroughi et al, 2020). Mindfulness cognitive therapy encourages people under depression to observe their thoughts and feelings without judgment.…”

Section: The Chain Intermediary Role Of Mindfulness and Ruminative Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking

Jia²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The Physical Exercise Rating Scale, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Ruminative Thinking Scale (RRS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) are used to conduct the questionnaire among a sample of 1,006 college students (average age = 19.95 years, SD = 1.86 years) to figure out whether there is any correlation between physical exercise and sleep quality in college students as well as how the mechanism of mindfulness and ruminative thinking plays a role in them. For data analysis, the Harman single-factor test was used; for the common method deviation test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and the mediating effect tested by using the bootstrap method were carried out. Results: (1) Overall, 34% (PSQI ≥ 8) of college students’ sleep quality is poor. (2) The PSQI is positively correlated with ruminative thinking, while both are negatively correlated with the level of physical exercise and mindfulness; the level of physical exercise is positively correlated with the level of mindfulness. (3) Physical exercise can significantly negatively predict sleep quality (β = −0.08, P < 0.05), significantly positively predict mindfulness (β = 0.12, P < 0.001), and significantly negatively predict ruminative thinking (β = −0.07, P < 0.05). When participate in physical exercise, mindfulness, and ruminative thinking enter the regression equation at the same time, only mindfulness and ruminative thinking can predict sleep quality(β = −0.15, P < 0.001) significantly negatively predicted sleep quality and ruminative thinking (β = 0.22, P < 0.001) significantly positively predicted sleep quality, while physical exercise (β = −0.04, P > 0.05) had no significant predictive effect on sleep quality. (4) After controlling for age and gender, physical exercise appears to have an impact on sleep quality of college students through the independent intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking and the chain intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking, with a total mediating effect value of −0.007. This study reveals the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality, as well as its mechanism, thus guiding college students to actively participate in physical exercise. It also provides corresponding suggestions to improve sleep quality as well as physical and mental health in college students.

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Section: The Chain Intermediary Role Of Mindfulness and Ruminative Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking

Jia²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…MT might facilitate the identification of ruminative patterns, understanding the consequences of these kinds of thoughts and taking constructive steps to reduce mental distress (Smart et al, 2016). Exploratory studies have observed that MT aimed at reducing ruminative thinking in depressive patients also improves mediators such as mindfulness and self-compassion, although more research to establish the specific causal links between these two groups of variables is needed (Foroughi et al, 2020; Frostadottir & Dorjee, 2019). These indirect effects of mindfulness practice have been observed in clinical samples using instructor-led MT, but they have not been studied in secondary teachers using self-taught MT.…”

Section: Instructor-led and Self-taught Mt For Enhancing Teacher Well...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Teachers “finding peace in a frantic world”: An experimental study of self-taught and instructor-led mindfulness program formats on acceptability, effectiveness, and mechanisms.

Montero-Marín

Taylor

Crane

et al. 2021

Journal of Educational Psychology

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Mindfulness training (MT) is considered appropriate for school teachers and enhances well-being. Most research has investigated the efficacy of instructor-led MT. However, little is known about the benefits of using self-taught formats, nor what the key mechanisms of change are that contribute to enhanced teacher well-being. This study compared instructor-led and self-taught MT based on a book ( Williams & Penman, 2011 ) in a sample of secondary school teachers. We assessed expectancy, the degree to which participants believed the intervention was effective, their program engagement, well-being and psychological distress, and evaluated whether mindfulness and self-compassion skills acted as mediators of outcomes. In total, 206 teachers from 43 schools were randomized by school to an instructor-led or self-taught course—77% female, mean age 39 years ( SD = 9.0). Both MT formats showed similar rates of participant expectancy and engagement, but the instructor-led arm was perceived as more credible. Using linear mixed-effects models, we found the self-taught arm showed significant pre-post improvements in self-compassion and well-being, while the instructor-led arm showed such improvements in mindfulness, self-compassion, well-being, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout. Changes over time significantly differed between the groups in all these outcomes, favoring the instructor-led arm. The instructor-led arm, compared with the self-taught, indirectly improved teacher outcomes by enhancing mindfulness and self-compassion as mediating factors. Mindfulness practice frequency had indirect effects on teacher outcomes through mindfulness in both self-taught and instructor-led arms. Our results suggest both formats are considered reasonable, but the instructor-led is more effective than the self-taught. Trial registration: ISRCTN18013311.

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“…The 19 studies [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] included were all focused on MBIs, and the specific intervention programs were diversified in terms of group intervention. Females made up more than 50% of all the studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies reported on placebo control, including relaxation [ 31 ], pill placebo [ 34 ], and psychology education [ 37 ]. Eleven studies used blank controls (BCs), including waiting lists [ 30 , 33 , 36 , 40 , 47 , 48 ] and treat-as-usual methods [ 32 , 38 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Five articles reported follow-up data with a follow-up period of 1–6 months.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness on Rumination in Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Mao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on rumination among patients with depression and their efficacy across countries and year of publication and control conditions. Methods: Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, BIOSIS Citation Index, KCI-Korean Journal Database, SciELO Citation Index, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched to include randomized controlled trials of MBIs for depressive rumination that met the criteria. The Rumination Scale was used as the primary outcome indicator; Depression, mindfulness, and anxiety indexes were selected as the secondary outcome indicators. An evaluation of bias risk was conducted to identify possible sources of bias based on methodological and clinical factors. RevMan5.3 software was used to perform a meta-analysis of the extracted data. Results: Nineteen studies with 1138 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that MBIs could significantly reduce rumination levels in patients with depression (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.58, −0.34; p < 0.001), notably improve depression (SMD = −0.58; 95% CI: −0.83, −0.32; p < 0.001), enhance mindfulness ability (SMD = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.57, 1.32; p < 0.001), and reduce the anxiety of patients with depression (SMD = −0.45, 95% CI: −0.62, −0.27; p < 0.001). MBIs conducted in Asia improved rumination better than studies in Europe and North America (SMD = −2.05 95% CI: −4.08, −0.01; p < 0.001) but had no greater effect than behavior activation on depression. The interventions carried out in the past 5 years were significantly better than earlier studies in improving mindfulness levels (SMD = 2.74; 95% CI: 0.81, 4.66; p = 0.005). Conclusions: MBIs are effective in the treatment of depression as they produce pleasant improvement in rumination and depression, decrease the degree of anxiety, and enhance mindfulness levels compared to controls. In newer forms of MBIs, regional differences need to be considered when designing the intervention program. More large, high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the conclusion that the effectiveness of MBIs has differences in terms of the trial area and year of publication.

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The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for reducing rumination and improving mindfulness and self-compassion in patients with treatment-resistant depression

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking

Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking

Teachers “finding peace in a frantic world”: An experimental study of self-taught and instructor-led mindfulness program formats on acceptability, effectiveness, and mechanisms.

Mindfulness on Rumination in Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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