The effectiveness of the zoning of China's protected areas

Xu, Weihua; Li, Xiaosong; Pimm, Stuart L.; Hull, Vanessa; Zhang, Jingjing; Zhang, Lu; Xiao, Yi; Zheng, Hua; Ouyang, Zhiyun

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.028

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Different frameworks such as LAC (Limits of Acceptable Change), ROS (Recreational Opportunity Spectrum), VAMP (Visitor Activities Management Planning) and TOMM (Tourism Optimisation Management Model) have been developed to assess acceptable levels of human activity at particular locations and tools to limit the environmental damages caused by humans (Weaver & Lawton, 2017). The benefits of setting roles for specific locations or zones in protected areas are providing guidelines and opportunity for both biodiversity conservation and meeting the needs of local residents living inside or around protected areas (Xu et al, 2016). Fortunately, there have been reports of the successful coexistence of both humans and wildlife (Kenchington & Day, 2011) however, there have also been challenges in implementing zoning system and its rules (Hull et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, there have been reports of the successful coexistence of both humans and wildlife (Kenchington & Day, 2011) however, there have also been challenges in implementing zoning system and its rules (Hull et al, 2011). The challenges in zoning include zoning management issues such as boundaries and law enforcement (Xu et al, 2016) and lack of clear rules and regulation (Liu & Li, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that zoning systems that are based on scientific research and consider both ecosystem and human needs can be successful in reducing human disturbance, particularly in core zones (Xu et al, 2016). Therefore, to move from 'paper park to real conservation' (Kolahi et al, 2014, p. 101), there is a need for strategies such as zoning that overcomes the current environmental issues and conflicts in the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The buffer zone can also play a role in separating the core conservation zone and human activity zone outside the protected areas. An effective zoning system needs to have clear rules set based on scientific research related to wild species and local residents' needs (Xu et al, 2016). It should ensure species of conservation significance such as the Asiatic Cheetah are protected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been conflicting findings of zoning effectiveness in protected areas. It is noted that in some cases promoting community-nature coexistence has been successful, while in some other cases there have been challenges regarding zone boundaries and law enforcement (Xu et al, 2016). Therefore, to protect the endangered species, the protected area managers should also have the capacity to enforce the rules and regulations towards violators.…”

Section: Borrinimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental protection and local resident attitudes at early stages of tourism development

Rastegar¹

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In many developing countries, there are protected areas with very strong natural resources and tourism development potential but in a poor conservation condition. Many of these areas are at pre or early stages of tourism development. These protected areas face problems including shortages of financial resources and park staff, and difficulty in enforcing conservation laws. Strict conservation laws have limited local residents' access to the natural resources and created problems such as increased poaching, habitat destruction and local people-park conflicts. This study adopts a case study approach, choosing two villages in rural Iran that are located near protected areas, one with no tourism and one at the early stage of tourism. Both these villages are experiencing challenges in striving for environmental protection and community development in a remote area of the country.There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of local resident attitudes and local people-park relationship roles in achieving both conservation goals and sustainable tourism development in and around protected areas. It is also suggested that incentives from tourism have a pivotal role in positively affecting local resident attitudes to the environment and consequently their behaviour.However, a challenge in the tourism literature is that most of the studies on local resident attitudes to the environment were conducted at a certain stage of development and their results cannot be applied to other stages. Although the literature indicates that tourism revenues improve local resident attitudes towards the environment and conservation, with no study comparing attitudes before and after tourism development, it is unclear whether these positive attitudes are due to tourism benefits or whether the local resident attitudes were positive even before tourism development.It is also widely discussed and hypothesised in the tourism literature that people with positive environmental attitudes are more likely to support environmental conservation activities.Local resident attitudes towards conservation have generally been studied as a single variable in the tourism literature. Importantly the environmental literature suggests that local resident attitudes towards environmental conservation and their attitudes towards protected area management might be different and a distinction has been made in studying these attitudes as separate variables.Consequently, this study aims to investigate the differences between local resident attitudes towards the environment, protected area management (PAM) and tourism at two early stages of tourism development by comparing attitudes in a community that has no prior experience of tourism and a community at an early stage of tourism development. This involved developing six ii hypotheses to assess the association between the three variables within and across a non-tourism setting and a setting with some tourism development in the two case study villages.A survey instrument was designed to mea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Borrinimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental protection and local resident attitudes at early stages of tourism development

Rastegar¹

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Using public perceptions to inform urban protected area buffer zone planning

Wang,

Lyu

et al. 2024

Environmental Management

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Climate change is creating a mismatch between protected areas and suitable habitats for frogs and birds in Puerto Rico

Campos‐Cerqueira¹,

Terando²,

Murray³

et al. 2021

Biodivers Conserv

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Climate change is altering the spatial distribution of many species around the world. In response, we need to identify and protect suitable areas for a large proportion of the fauna so that they persist through time. This exercise must also evaluate the ability of existing protected areas to provide safe havens for species in the context of climate change. Here, we combined passive acoustic monitoring, semi-automatic species identification models, and species distribution models of 21 bird and frog species based on past (1980–1989), present (2005–2014), and future (2040–2060) climate scenarios to determine how species distributions relate to the current distribution of protected areas in Puerto Rico. Species detection/non-detection data were acquired across ~ 700 sampling sites. We developed always-suitable maps that characterized suitable habitats in all three time periods for each species and overlaid these maps to identify regions with high species co-occurrence. These distributions were then compared with the distribution of existing protected areas. We show that Puerto Rico is projected to become dryer by 2040–2060, and precipitation in the warmest quarter was among the most important variables affecting bird and frog distributions. A large portion of always-suitable areas (ASA) is outside of protected areas (> 80%), and the percent of protected areas that overlaps with always-suitable areas is larger for bird (75%) than frog (39%) species. Our results indicate that present protected areas will not suffice to safeguard bird and frog species under climate change; however, the establishment of larger protected areas, buffer zones, and connectivity between protected areas may allow species to find suitable niches to withstand environmental changes.

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The effectiveness of the zoning of China's protected areas

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Environmental protection and local resident attitudes at early stages of tourism development

Environmental protection and local resident attitudes at early stages of tourism development

Using public perceptions to inform urban protected area buffer zone planning

Climate change is creating a mismatch between protected areas and suitable habitats for frogs and birds in Puerto Rico

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