The effectiveness of zinc in alleviating salinity stress on pistachio seedlings

Abstract

-Introduction. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a common nutritional disorder in Pistachio (Pistacia vera) which is grown on calcareous, saline and sodic soils. The effects of Zn amendment on the mineral nutrient uptake, the osmoregulation and the dynamics of phytohormones in pistachio under salt stress were investigated in the common conditions of Iran Materials and methods. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the improving effects of zinc (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg Zn kg −1 soil) under saline (800, 1600, 2400 and 3200 mg NaCl kg −1 soil) conditions on pistachio 'Badami' seedlings. The concentrations of potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and chloride was measured by titration Specific absorption rates (SAR) and specific utilization rates (SUR) of the minerals were calculated. Abscisic acid (ABA), 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin contents were measured by HPLC, and the concentrations of osmoregulators (proline, glycine betaine and choline) were determined by spectrophotometry Results and discussion. The K, Ca and Zn concentrations and the IAA and cytokinin contents were reduced under Zn deficiency and salt stress. Increasing salinity in soil under Zn-deficient conditions generally decreased the SAR and SUR of K, Ca, Zn and Mg and ABA contents. However, these adverse effects of salinity were alleviated by increasing Zn levels up to 10 mg kg −1 soil. The addition of Zn to the soil significantly decreased the proline and choline concentrations and increased the glycine betaine one of the pistachio seedlings exposed to salinity. Zinc treatments influenced the relationship between the relative growth rate (RGR) and the studied elements SARs and SURs. Conclusion. Overall, Zn improved plant growth under salt stress. According to the results obtained in this study, adequate Zn treatments can prevent the uptake and accumulation of sodium in the pistachio leaf and stem and improve both plant RGR and mineral nutrients absorption. Adequate Zn treatments also contribute to maintain the balance among seedling phytohormones even under salinity stress.Keywords: Iran / pistachio / Pistacia vera / osmoregulation / phytohormone / growth rate / specific absorption rate / specific utilization rate Résumé -Efficacité du zinc contre le stress salin sur semis de pistachier. Introduction. La carence Zinc (Zn) est un trouble nutritionnel commun des pistachiers (Pistacia vera) cultivés en sols calcaires, salins et sodiques. Les effets d'une fertilisation en Zn sur l'absorption des nutriments minéraux, sur l'osmorégulation et sur la dynamique des phytohormones du pistachier soumis au stress salin ont été étudiés dans des conditions couramment rencontrées en Iran. Matériel et méthodes. L'étude a été menée sous serre pour évaluer les effets positifs du zinc (0, 5, 10 et 20 mg Zn kg −1 de sol) sur la croissance des jeunes plants de pistachier cv. Badami en conditions de stress salin liées à une solution saline (800, 1600, 2400 ou 3200 mg NaCl kg Conclusion. Dans l'ensemble...

The Impact of Minerals on Wheat Plants Grown under Salinity Stress

“…Additionally, exogenous mineral treatment with Zn or Ni exhibited mostly an accumulation in Zn content in the tested plants. This was supported by results obtained by Tavallali (2016) [44] who demonstrated that the addition of Zn up to 10 mg•kg −1 in soil developed plant growth under salt stress and can inhibit the uptake and accumulation of Na + in pistachio leaf and stem and increase mineral nutrients absorption [45] [46] [47]. On the other side, Ni content was markedly reduced in spikes of wheat plants at −1.2 MPa NaCl level or under mineral treatment, this reduction play an important role in salinity tolerance of this plant and coincided with the alleviating effect of exogenous Zn or Ni treatment in lowering the negative effects of Ni toxicity.…”

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