The effects and the mechanisms of autophagy on the cancer-associated fibroblasts in cancer

Yan, Yuanliang; Chen, Xi; Wang, Xiang; Zhao, Zijin; Hu, Wenfeng; Zeng, Shuangshuang; Wei, Jie; Yang, Xue; Qian, Long; Zhou, Shuyi; Sun, Lun‐Quan; Gong, Zhicheng; Xu, Zhijie

doi:10.1186/s13046-019-1172-5

Cited by 89 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…A similar trend in observed in lipid degradation pathways in cancer stem cells as well . Recent studies have revealed that autophagy is crucial for cancer stem cell growth and can enrich breast cancer cell proliferation . Studies have also revealed a positive correlation between pancreatic cancer stem cell markers (ALDH, CD44, CD133) and autophagy factors .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Detecting the Origin of Cancer‐Mobile Quantum Probe for Single Cancer Stem Cell Detection

Ganesh

Venkatakrishnan

Tan

2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Cancer stem cells (CSC) are believed to be the driving force of cancer metastases and are a rare population of self‐renewing cells that contribute majorly to the poor outcomes of cancer therapy. The detection of CSC is of utmost importance to shed light on the indestructible nature of certain solid tumors and their metastatic ability. However, tumors tend to harbor CSCs in a specialized niche, making the detection process difficult. Currently, there is no method available to detect CSCs. The significance of this work is twofold. First, to the best of the knowledge, it is the first time that the detection of CSC is demonstrated. This approach simultaneously detects both the phenotypic and the metabolic state of the cell, thus enabling universal detection of CSC with high accuracy. Second, to the best of the knowledge, for the first time, light is shed on cell chemistry of CSC in their dedicated niche to facilitate a better understanding of the key players involved in the metabolic rewiring of CSC. This work will enable a better understanding of the fundamentals of CSCs, which are critical for the early diagnosis of cancer and the development of therapies for the cure of cancer.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Detecting the Origin of Cancer‐Mobile Quantum Probe for Single Cancer Stem Cell Detection

Ganesh

Venkatakrishnan

Tan

2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Autophagy were reported in numerous diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory diseases, and muscular dystrophies 38,39 . During autophagy, the phagopores wraps the cytoplasmic components leading to the formation of autophagosomes which further fuses with lysosome causing degradation 40,41 . Autophagy‐related proteins such as LC3, SQSTM1/p62 plays a vital role in the formation of autophagosomes 42 ; therefore, targeting these proteins in cancer cells may be effective remedy to treat cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fucoxanthin treatment inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation through induction of autophagy mechanism

Long

Cao

Zhao³

et al. 2020

Environmental Toxicology

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) arises from the epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Elderly people above the age of 65 years are more susceptible to NPC. Nasopharyngectomy is the renowned treatment procedure to NPC; however, it is too risky due to its complicated surgical procedure. Other treatment methods also reported with serious side effects such brain injury; hence, the alternative anticancer drug without any side effects was needed. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid derived from marine algae with the numerous pharmacological functions. This study aims to examine the inhibitory potential in NPC cell proliferation via apoptosis and autophagy. The cytotoxicity of fucoxanthin on C666‐1 cells was observed by the MTT assay. The expression of autophagy‐linked proteins was assessed with immunoblotting analysis. The expression of autophagy protein LC3 was estimated using immunocytochemical analysis in C666‐1 and GFP‐LC3 transfected cells. Furthermore, the fucoxanthin‐treated C666‐1 cells were analyzed with TUNEL assay. The apoptotic level in the fucoxanthin‐treated C666‐1 cells was evaluated using acridine orange staining. Fucoxanthin significantly increased the expression of autophagy‐linked proteins which is clearly depicted in the immunoblotting analysis and immunocytochemical analysis of GFP‐tagged LC3 protein. The results of TUNEL assay of fucoxanthin‐treated C666‐1 in the presence autophagy inhibitors demonstrated the induction of autophagy by fucoxanthin. Acridine orange staining results of C666‐1 confirmed fucoxanthin decreases the expression of autophagy‐linked proteins during stressed condition thereby causes apoptosis. Our overall results authentically conclude that fucoxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in NPC cell line, and it can be ideal agent to treat nasopharyngeal cancer in future with further investigations.

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“…Moreover, CAFs positively influence the proliferation and metabolism of cancer cells through oxidative stress, which induces the autophagy pathway [69]. CAFs can also serve as nutrients for cancer cells, as oxidation of CAFs offers nutrients such as ketone and cytokines, which mediate mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy, in nearby cancer cells [70,71]. Furthermore, the CAFderived cytokines CCL5 (chemokine ligand 5), IL6, and CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine 10 regulate the metabolism of cancer cells by increasing phosphorylation of phosphoglucomutase 1 and glycogen mobilization, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) synthesis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo [72].…”

Section: Cancer-associated Fibroblast (Cafs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance

et al. 2020

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The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to stimulate the heterogeneity of cancer cell, clonal evolution and to increase the multidrug resistance ending in cancer cell progression and metastasis. The reciprocal cell-cell/ECM interaction and tumor cell hijacking of non-malignant cells force stromal cells to lose their function and acquire new phenotypes that promote development and invasion of tumor cells. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these interactions can be used as a novel strategy to indirectly disrupt cancer cell interplay and contribute to the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. Furthermore, the tumor-derived circulating materials can also be used as cancer diagnostic tools to precisely predict and monitor the outcome of therapy. This review evaluates such potentials in various advanced cancer models, with a focus on 3D systems as well as lab-on-chip devices.

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The effects and the mechanisms of autophagy on the cancer-associated fibroblasts in cancer

Cited by 89 publications

References 118 publications

Detecting the Origin of Cancer‐Mobile Quantum Probe for Single Cancer Stem Cell Detection

Detecting the Origin of Cancer‐Mobile Quantum Probe for Single Cancer Stem Cell Detection

Fucoxanthin treatment inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation through induction of autophagy mechanism

Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance

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