The effects of a grape seed extract on ligature induced – periodontitis in rats – an experimental study

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of administering a grape seed extract, rich in polyphenols in an experimental model of ligature induced periodontitis in rats. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats were divided into Control group, Ligature group and Grape seed extract (GSE) group. Periodontitis was induced by placing a wire ligature around the first mandibular molar for 4 weeks. The animals in the GSE group were administered grape seed extract by gavage. In days 1, 7 and 28 blood samples were taken and in day 28 the hemimandibles were harvested and sent for histological examination. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in serum and in gingival tissue. Results: Significantly higher values of MDA were found in serum and periodontium in the Ligature group in comparison to the GSE group. GSE administration resulted in an increase of GSH plasma concentration in the GSE group as compared to the Control and Ligature groups. In the GSE group inflammation and bone involvement were less marked than in the Ligature group. Conclusions: The grape seed extract proved protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in a ligature-induced experimental model of periodontitis in rats and also improved the histological status of gingival tissue and bone.

The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on the Alveolar, Jaw, and Skeletal Bone Remodeling: A Scoping Review

“…67 The further possible mechanism was explained through periodontitis-related alveolar bone resorption. The MDA maybe then decrease HIF-1α and MMP-8 expression, 36 resulting in a decrease in the inflammatory response, 35 and several osteoclasts. 15,36 HIF-1α is one of the important factors in osteoclastogenesis, especially the hypoxia response that occurs in orthodontics tooth movement 68 and a factor in osteoclast activation, 69 through the increased of OPG secretion to bind to RANKL.…”

“…The antioxidant properties of GSE are also responsible for increasing the formation of GSH in serum, 35 thus supporting the formation of osteoblasts, 36 and maintaining the height of alveolar bones and preventing bone loss. 34 36 This increase in GSH is due to the inhibition of ROS by the phenolic compound in GSE, which then affects the NF-κB signal pathway involved in osteoclast differentiation 71 ( Fig.…”

“…28,[44][45][46][47] In the disease model, femur, [48][49][50][51][52] tibia, 53,54 and knee were used. 55,56 The study of supplementations of GSE was mostly performed in Wistar rats, 15,31,[35][36][37][38][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]49,50,54,55 Sprague-Dawley rat, 34 rabbits, 39,51,52 and mice. 28,48,56 The GSE Effect on Alveolar Bone…”

“…Twenty-six studies revealed the potential effect of GSE on the alveolar bone, including maxilla, 15 interpremaxillary, 34 alveolar bone in a molar area, [35][36][37] and incisive area 38,39 the mandibular jaw bone 40,41 and condyle 31,42 skeletal bone including the femur, 28,43 calvaria, 28 and tibia. 28,[44][45][46][47] In the disease model, femur, [48][49][50][51][52] tibia, 53,54 and knee were used.…”

Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of the marginal periodontium in patients with Turner syndrome

“…Other studies showed that inflammation and oxidative stress maintain the periodontal disease, being associated with the presence of periodontal bags and bone necrosis. The administration of some antioxidative and anti-inflammatory products, like Resveratrol, considerably reduce the periodontal inflammatory phenomena [ 57 ].…”