The effects of Clostridium difficile crude toxins and purified toxin A on stripped rabbit ileal mucosa in Ussing chambers

Biological mode of action of Clostridium difficile toxin A: a novel enterotoxin

“…The aim of the present work was to investigate the basis of the differential response to toxin A of rabbit ileum and colon. No evidence has been found for a classical biochemical secretory diarrhoea (Mitchell et al, 1987).…”

The effects of Clostridium difficile crude toxins and toxin A on ileal and colonic loops in immune and nonimmune rabbits

“…Seven important points emerge from this study and the related work of Mitchell et al (1986Mitchell et al ( , 1987a, the significance of which may be extrapolated to C. dzficile infections in man : 1. C .…”

“…Tissue was treated with CCF which was added to the mucosal bathing solution to a final concentration of toxin A 20 pg/ml. See Mitchell et al (1986, 1987a.…”

“…From the detailed studies of our group (Mitchell et al, 1986(Mitchell et al, , 1987a on the biological mode of action of C. dzficile toxins A and B in ligated rabbit ileal and colonic loops, it was predicted that parenterally-induced antitoxin A would protect the colon less well than the ileum; the reasons were as follows. Initial toxin-induced ileal tissue damage would release serum antitoxin A into the gut lumen resulting in neutralisation of toxin A.…”

Genetic Engineering of Clostridium Difficile Toxin A Vaccine

“…There have been a number of publications describing biological characteristics of toxins A and B (16,17,18,19,20,21,22) and evidence has developed to indicate that toxins A and B work synergistically to cause PMC (23,24).…”