The effects of different inspiratory muscle training intensities on exercising heart rate and perceived exertion

Gething, A D; Passfield, Louis; Davies, Bruce

doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1044-2

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…By the end of the 10 week intervention, the EMT group achieved an improvement of 13% in P Imax , with no associated change in rowing performance; Hart et al (2001) also observed no change in incremental treadmill performance after a 6 week program of IMT that increased P Imax by 10%. This suggests that improvement in performance following IMT requires an intensity of training that increases P Imax by >25% (Volianitis et al 2001b;Romer et al 2002a, b;Edwards and Cooke 2004;Gething et al 2004a, b). A further contributory factor to the poorer than anticipated strength improvements during the combined training phase may have been the training device.…”

Section: Inspiratory Muscle Strengthmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…IMT reduces HR at equivalent intensities of exercise (Haas and Haas 1981;Swanson 1998;Gething et al 2004a), as well as reducing [La -] B , respiratory and/or whole body effort sensations (Volianitis et al 2001b;Romer et al 2002a, b). Gething et al (2004a) observed a decrease in exercising HR of~6 bpm at the end of a 5 min bout of constant power cycling after their 6 week of IMT that increased P Imax by 29%.…”

Section: Physiological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In studies of healthy young people, two different forms of respiratory training have been employed: (a) voluntary isocapnic hyperpnoea (VIH) Boutellier and Piwko 1992;Spengler et al 1999;McMahon et al 2002) and, (b) inspiratory muscle resistance training (IMT) (Volianitis et al 2001b;Romer et al 2002a, b;Edwards and Cooke 2004;Gething et al 2004a;Gething et al 2004b). The former is an endurance training approach that involves both the inspiratory and expiratory muscles, whilst the latter employs resistance training principles and is confined primarily to the inspiratory muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The influence of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training upon rowing performance

2006

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We investigated the effect of 4 week of inspiratory (IMT) or expiratory muscle training (EMT), as well as the effect of a subsequent 6 week period of combined IMT/EMT on rowing performance in club-level oarsmen. Seventeen male rowers were allocated to either an IMT (n = 10) or EMT (n = 7) group. The groups underwent a 4 week IMT or EMT program; after interim testing, both groups subsequently performed a 6 week program of combined IMT/EMT. Exercise performance and physiological responses to exercise were measured at 4 and 10 week during an incremental rowing ergometer 'step-test' and a 6 min all-out (6MAO) effort. Pressure threshold respiratory muscle training was undertaken at the 30 repetition maximum load (approximately 50% of the peak inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure, P (Imax) or P (Emax), respectively). P (Imax) increased during the IMT phase of the training in the IMT group (26%, P < 0.001) and was accompanied by an improvement in mean power during the 6MAO (2.7%, P = 0.015). Despite an increase in P (Emax) by the end of the intervention (31%, P = 0.03), the EMT group showed no significant changes in any performance parameters during either the 'step-test' or 6MAO. There were no significant changes in breathing pattern or the metabolic response to the 6MAO test in either group, but the IMT group showed a small decrease in HR (2-5%, P = 0.001). We conclude that there were no significant additional changes following combined IMT/EMT. IMT improved rowing performance, but EMT and subsequent combined IMT/EMT did not.

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Section: Inspiratory Muscle Strengthmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Physiological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The influence of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training upon rowing performance

2006

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“…This finding is supported by Granados et al (2016), who observed that individuals who wore the ETM-like mask had significantly higher RPE throughout a 30-minute treadmill exercise session. Additionally, Gething et al (2004) found that after 6 weeks of IMT at 100% of MIP, RPE was significantly decreased. It was suggested that IMT may provide an improvement in physiological conditioning that produces a reduction in perceived cost of breathing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask on Aerobic Capacity, Lung Function, and Hematological Variables

Cress

Forrester

Probst

et al. 2016

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Altitude training and respiratory muscle training (RMT) have been reported to improve performance in elite and well-trained athletes. Several devices (altitude and RMT) have been developed to help athletes gain the competitive edge. The Elevation Training Mask 2.0 (ETM) purportedly simulates altitude training and has been suggested to increase aerobic capacity (VO 2 max), endurance performance, and lung function. Twentyfour moderately trained subjects completed 6 weeks of highintensity cycle ergometer training. Subjects were randomized into a mask (n = 12) or control (n = 12) group. Pre and posttraining tests included VO 2 max, pulmonary function, maximal inspiration pressure, hemoglobin and hematocrit. No significant differences were found in pulmonary function or hematological variables between or within groups. There was a significant improvement in VO 2 max and PPO in both the control (13.5% and 9.9%) and mask (16.5% and 13.6%) groups. There was no difference in the magnitude of improvement between groups. Only the mask group had significant improvements in ventilatory threshold (VT) (13.9%), power output (PO) at VT (19.3%), respiratory compensation threshold (RCT) (10.2%), and PO at RCT (16.4%) from pre to post-testing. The trends for improvements in VT and PO at VT between groups were similar to improvements in RCT and PO at RCT, but did not reach statistical significance (VT p = 0.06, PO at VT p = 0.170). Wearing the ETM while participating in a 6-week high-intensity cycle ergometer training program does not appear to act as a simulator of altitude, but more like a respiratory muscle training device. Wearing the ETM may improve specific markers of endurance performance beyond the improvements seen with interval training alone.

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“…Inspiratory muscle training in athletes results in lower levels of dyspnoea (Bailey et al, 2010, Gething et al, 2004a, Kilding et al, 2010 and more specifically in a reduced estimation of the magnitude of a respiratory load (Kellerman et al, 2000). These findings further indicate that inspiratory muscle training's effect on dyspnoea may be a critical determinant of exercise performance success in athletes.…”

Section: The Effects Of Inspiratory Muscle Training In Athletes and Hmentioning

confidence: 52%

Inspiratory muscle training to enhance recovery from invasive mechanical ventilation

Bissett¹

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Inspiratory muscle weakness is a consequence of prolonged mechanical ventilation and may contribute to the residual physical disability which has been observed in intensive care survivors. Inspiratory muscle weakness is associated with duration of mechanical ventilation, with those ventilated for 7 days or longer most at risk of developing both strength and endurance deficits.Specific resistance training of the inspiratory muscles (inspiratory muscle training) improves inspiratory muscle strength and endurance in normal people, athletes and patients with a wide variety of underlying pathologies. Mechanisms of improvement include proliferation of both Type 1 and Type 2 inspiratory muscle fibres, enhanced metabolism resulting in reduced lactate production, attenuation of a fatigue-induced metaboreflex, adaptations to neural pathways and modulation of the perception of dyspnoea.Furthermore, inspiratory muscle training enhances exercise tolerance and reduces dyspnoea in both patients and athletes, while improving quality of life for patients with chronic lung or heart disease.There is a lack of evidence for inspiratory muscle training in intensive care patients, despite the potential benefits of training in this group. This project explores the feasibility, safety and efficacy of inspiratory muscle training in intensive care patients who have been mechanically ventilated for 7 days or longer, as this subset of patients is most likely to demonstrate inspiratory muscle weakness and therefore benefit from specific training. This project includes patient-centred outcome measures, as most studies of inspiratory muscle training to date have focused solely on impairments, rather than the patient experiences of quality of life, physical function or dyspnoea.Study 1 establishes the safety and feasibility of high-intensity interval-based inspiratory muscle training in selected ventilator-dependent patients. Across 195 inspiratory muscle training sessions, there were no adverse events recorded during or immediately following the treatment. No significant changes were observed in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate or oxygen saturation. Furthermore, mean training pressures increased by a mean difference of 18.6 cm H2O across the 10 patients studied. Thus Study 1 confirms that inspiratory muscle training is safe in selected ventilator-dependent patients.-ii- (mean difference 11%), but not endurance, while quality of life improved more in the experimental group than the control (mean difference 12%). Improvements in physical function and dyspnoea were equivalent. Thus 2 weeks of inspiratory muscle training improves inspiratory muscle strength and quality of life in the post-weaning period.-iiiFinally, Study 5 is a protocol for a randomised trial of inspiratory muscle training performed by patients while mechanically-ventilated. Study 5 measures the impact of inspiratory muscle training on duration of mechanical ventilation, as well as residual inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, quality of life, physical f...

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The effects of different inspiratory muscle training intensities on exercising heart rate and perceived exertion

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

The influence of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training upon rowing performance

The influence of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training upon rowing performance

Effect of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask on Aerobic Capacity, Lung Function, and Hematological Variables

Inspiratory muscle training to enhance recovery from invasive mechanical ventilation

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