The Effects of Exercise Selection and Rest Interval on Postactivation Potentiation of Vertical Jump Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if a power exercise would lead to greater postactivation potentiation (PAP) than a strength exercise, if a 4-or 5-minute rest interval led to greater PAP, the extent to which PAP was an individual phenomenon, and the effect of PAP on the ground reaction force (GRF) during a vertical jump (VJ). Subjects included 16 volleyball athletes (8 men and 8 women) from a Division I university. Participants were instructed to complete a pre-exercise countermovement jump for height. After the VJ, subjects performed 5 repetitions of either the back squat or hang clean (midthigh) with a load equal to their 5 repetition maximum (5RM). After the 5RM resistance exercise, countermovement jumps were completed at 4 or 5 minutes after the back squat or hang clean. Ground reaction force was measured using a force platform embedded in the ground, whereas VJ height was assessed using a Vertec jump apparatus. Data were analyzed using a factorial analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results revealed that there was no consistent rest interval or exercise that produced the largest increase in VJ height for all subjects, and there were no apparent differences because of gender. The condition that produced the largest increase in VJ height for each individual resulted in an average increase of 5.7% (2.72 +/- 1.21 cm; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in peak GRF, and no significant correlation (r = -0.110, p = 0.707) between the increase in VJ height and increase in peak GRF. Results suggest that individually determining complex training variables will increase VJ height, thus acutely enhancing athletic performance.

Treinamento de força com uso de correntes e potencialização pós-ativação do salto vertical

“…Na presente investigação, o uso de resistência fixa não proporcionou PPA para o salto vertical com, inclusive, diminuição de rendimento. Além de outros trabalhos também demonstrarem este fenômeno (KHAMOUI et al, 2009;MC-CANN;FLANAGAN, 2010), pode ser que um único dia para avaliações, teste de 1RM e estímulo de resistência fixa tenha afetado o desempenho dos indivíduos e seja considerada uma das limitações deste estudo. Isto se dá, possivelmente, em decorrência da coexistência entre fadiga e a PPA.…”

“…Estudos sugerem possível elevação da altura do salto vertical após a PPA por estímulos isométricos. (REQUENA et al, 2011;GOSSEN;SALE, 2000) e dinâmicos (MCCANN; FLANAGAN, 2010;WEBER et al, 2008).…”

“…A PPA tem sido investigada com emprego de diferentes estratégias, explorando ações concêntricas (MCCANN; FLANAGAN, 2010), excêntricas, isométricas (GOSSEN; SALE, 2000) e, inclusive, pliométricas. (BATISTA et al, 2003).…”

“…No entanto, até o presente momento, todos estudos referentes à PPA fizeram uso de resistência fixa (RF), geralmente entre 70% e 100% de 1RM, a qual decorre de carga máxima obtida próxima ao ponto de falha mecânica (PFM) nos testes de força dinâmica máxima. (KHAMOUI; JO; BROWN, 2011;McCANN;FLANAGAN, 2010;KHAMOUI et al, 2009). Assim, é possível que toda amplitude de movimento após o PFM seja cumprida com esforço submáximo e decrescente.…”

Specific warm-up exercise is the best for vertical countermovement jump in young volleyball players

“…Examining the phenomenon known as post-activation potentiation is one pathway associated with this purpose, at least acutely 6 . Most studies about post-activation potentiation have used VCMJs because studying this movement can detect variations in lower limb performance (i.e., muscle power, strength) and because these jumps are important in several sports such as volleyball 7 .…”