The effects of expression of different microRNAs on insulin secretion and diabetic nephropathy progression

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently become well-known efficacious biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). MiRNAs, short noncoding RNAs, are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, which regulate several biological cell functions, including insulin production and secretion, as well as insulin resistance in tissues. Today, the focus of the medical world is centered on the role of miRNAs as mediators for different diseases, such as DN and end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). MiRNAs are stable and detectable in human biological fluids, so their detection for early diagnosis of different diseases is highly sensitive and specific. Previous reports have shown that the alteration of miRNA profiles significantly correlates with specific stages of DN, kidney fibrosis, and renal dysfunction. This review was aimed at assessing the pathway of different miRNA expressions responsible for insulin secretion disorder and DN progression.

Serum miR-29a/b expression in gestational diabetes mellitus and its influence on prognosis evaluation

“…Tung et al 19 found that miR-29a is a potential negative regulator of cannabinoid cb1 receptor and inhibits the expression of proinflammatory and profibrogenic mediators, preventing glomeruli damage caused by fibrosis in patients with DM. Mafi et al 20 reported that miR-29b may regulate cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes via the Sp1/NF-jB/miR-29b axis and thus participate in progression of DN. The study by Song et al 21 on miR-29 family members, in 3T3-L1 adipocyte showed that these miR-29 members may play the role of negative regulators in glucose metabolism through miR-29/SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) signal transduction pathway.…”

“…Mafi et al. 20 reported that miR-29b may regulate cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes via the Sp1/NF-κB/miR-29b axis and thus participate in progression of DN. The study by Song et al.…”

Long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the progression of diabetic nephropathy and the activation of NF-κB pathway in high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cells by the miR-182-5p/GPRC5A axis

“…miRNAs are short ncRNAs (∼22 nucleotides) with pivotal effects on the epigenetic modifications of DN [ 17 ]. Meta-analysis has identified that miR-126 and miR-770 could be used as noninvasive biomarkers for DN [ 18 ], and miR-184 could govern renal fibrosis in DN [ 19 ].…”

Circ_0080425 inhibits cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via sponging miR‐24‐3p and targeting fibroblast growth factor 11

“…miRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that could participate in various biological processes by degrading target mRNAs via directly binding to their 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR; Aghabozorg Afjeh & Ghaderian, ; Davis‐Dusenbery & Hata, ; Zhou & Yang, ). The expression profiling of several miRNAs largely correlates with pathological progression of DN, thus many are proposed as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers (Kato & Natarajan, ; Mafi, Aghadavod, Mirhosseini, Mobini, & Asemi, ; Wu et al, ). Increasing literatures suggest that miRNAs profoundly involve fibrotic process, of which miR‐24 was shown inhibit fibrosis via directly affecting TGF‐β1/Smad4 pathway (Sun et al, ).…”