The effects of feeding and starvation on antioxidant defence, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in reared Oncorhynchus mykiss fry

Abstract

The effects of feeding and starvation have been studied with respect to oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant activities in the whole body of 4 cm rainbow trout fry Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). The experiment was conducted for 28 days. The selected biomarkers for the study were determined, including non-enzymic scavengers glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and a number of enzymes are known to have major antioxidant activity, such as activities of süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSHpx), glutatyon Redüktaz (GR) and Glutatyon-S-Transferaz (GST). There is an endogenous cellular glutathione pool which consists of two forms of glutathione, i.e. the GSH and the GSSG. Oxidative damage was measured by the formation of MDA as an indication of lipid peroxidation. The activities of SOD in 14th and 28th day and the activity of CAT in 14th day were increased significantly during the 28 days of starvation. GSHpx and GR activities in starved fry decreased significantly in 28th day. GST activity in all starved fry showed the most significant increases the period of 28 days starving. The highest ΣSFA (Total Saturated Fatty Acid) content was obtained from 28 day starved fry. In starved fry, there was an apparent preference in utilization of C18:1n-9 than in the fed fry. In both starved and fed fry, C16:1n-7 was preferentially kept during the same period. Fry kept 28 days under starvation conditions exhausted C15:0, C17:0, C18:3n-6, C22:0, C24:0. They utilized less C20:5n-3 acid and conserved strongly C22:6n-3 acid. Concentrations of C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, C22:6n-3 and total n-3 fatty acids significantly increased and C18:3n-3 significantly decreased in the whole body of starved fry during starvation period. A significant increase in the concentrations of C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 was determined in the fed fries in the last 2 weeks. Fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol levels were also determined in the same period of O. mykiss fry.

Effects of overwintering on proximate composition, fatty acid composition, serum parameters, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism in Onychostoma macrolepis

“…In the meantime, 20:5 n ‐3 and 22:6 n ‐3 were selectively retained in O. macrolepis . This result was in agreement with previously research, suggesting that 22:6 n ‐3 was conserved in fasted fish (Zengin et al, 2021). This indicated that n ‐3 LC‐PUFA was important for the fish because of its irreplaceable functions (Yoon et al, 2022).…”

Effects of Starvation and Refeeding on Growth, Digestion, Nonspecific Immunity and Lipid-Metabolism-Related Genes in Onychostoma macrolepis

“…In the current study, the SOD, GSH-PX and CAT activities both in the hepatopancreas and intestines showed an increasing trend during starvation. The finding was in agreement with previous ones indicating that food scarcity could activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms of fish [ 23 ]. The degree of lipid peroxidation can be measured by the MDA concentration.…”

“…It is well-known that superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) are several important antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant enzymes play a vital role in scavenging free radicals and regulating the generation of ROS, thereby activating the antioxidant defense mechanism and further improving the immune status in fish [ 23 ]. Previous studies reported that 14 days of starvation could elevate antioxidant enzymes activities in fish such as the Chinese perch ( Siniperca chuatsi ) (250 ± 22 g) and Stellate Sturgeon ( Acipenser stellatus ) (331.3 ± 71.8 g) [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Partial immune responses in Sichuan bream (Sinibrama taeniatus) after starvation

“…This result showed that starvation caused oxidative stress in the fish body in a chronic manner. The same studies were seen in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) ( 34 ), European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) ( 35 ), Soleimani ( Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi ) ( 36 ), brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) ( 37 ). Persisting oxidative stress can activate a large range of transcription factors, such as NF-κB, Nrf2 and HIF-1α.…”