The effects of light scatter when using a photochromic vs. non-photochromic contact lens

Abstract

Purpose To assess the visual effects of wearing both an activated and an inactivated photochromic contact lens, with a direct comparison to a non-photochromic contact lens worn in the fellow eye. This study focused on the visual effects of scatter quantified as the minimum distance between two points of light, and the diameter of the halo and starbursts that surround a bright white point source. Methods 60 subjects (aged 18–65 years) were measured in a contralateral design where lens type was randomly assigned, one type to each eye. During activated testing, all visual measures of both study lenses were made while each eye was illuminated by a violet ( λ max = 365, half bandwidth 20 nm) activator, which caused steady-state activation of the photochromic lens during the period of testing. Two-point thresholds were determined by measuring the minimum distance between two points of broadband xenon light. Glare geometry was measured using an aperture (∼4 mm) that created a bright point source of light 45 inches from the plane of the eye. Between the point source and subject, a centering precision caliper was used to measure lateral spread of halos (diffusion around the source) and visual spokes. The head was stabilized using an adjustable head-rest assembly and the eye was aligned and monitored with a bore camera. Results Compared to the non-photochromic lens, and based on the stimulus conditions used in these measurements, the activated and inactivated photochromic lens reduced the light spread using the two-point threshold technique by 32% and 19% respectively; the diameter of the halos were reduced by 44% and 16% respectively; and the spokes were narrowed by 39% and 20% respectively. Based on 95% confidence interval testing, these effects were all statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Conclusions These results are consistent with previous data showing that soft contact lenses with a photochromic additive can improve many aspects of visual function, consistent with their level or activation. Our past data focused on visual function under bright light conditions (e.g., glare disability, discomfort, photostress recovery and chromatic contrast) with an activated photochromic. In this study, we found differences even in the inactivated state, using less intense stimuli (10 cd/m 2 at the source). This suggests that the photochromic lens improves the effects of light scatter even at lower luminance.

Contact lenses, the reverse Pulfrich effect, and anti-Pulfrich monovision corrections

“…Photochromic lenses reduce transmittance with increases in ambient light levels 42 . A photochromic anti-Pulfrich correction could be applied with a photochromic contact lens in one eye and a standard contact lens in the other eye.…”

The Effects of a Senofilcon A Contact Lens With and Without a Photochromic Additive on Positive Dysphotopsia Across Age

“…A schematic of the optical system can be found in Figure 2 of Hammond et al 2 A 1000W Xenon arc lamp (an approximation of broadband noonday sunlight) was used as the primary light source. Achromatic lenses relayed the light to provide homogeneous back illumination of an opaque light shield with a collapsible baffle (a center piece lowered as the apertures spread to make distinct light points that were physically disconnected).…”

“…A recent innovation in the design of soft contact lenses is the introduction of a photochromic additive. 1 , 2 This photochromic is a highly conjugated compound, which exists in an equilibrium mixture of closed (inactivated) and open (activated) forms. The equilibrium between the two forms is driven by the intensity and wavelength of the incident light (and the thermal conditions favoring the forward or reverse reactions via Claisen rearrangement).…”

BCLA CLEAR – Contact lens technologies of the future

“…The recent introduction of photochromic lenses from Johnson & Johnson Vision (Jacksonville, FL, USA) may fill the gap left by the discontinuation of the MaxSight lenses, but to date no data on their use in athletes has been published. However, their value in reducing light scatter and improvements in other vision aspects have been presented [471][472][473]. Given the interest within the sports arena to even marginally improve any aspect of performance that provides a benefit to athletes, further development of tinted lenses for sports remains an area worthy of pursuit.…”