The effects of moisture content, fiber length and compaction time on African oil palm empty fruit bunches briquette quality parameters

Cabrales, Huber; Arzola, Nelson; Ríos, Oscar Javier Araque de los

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05607

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Investigation was conducted utilizing feedstock from different origin such as Poland (Berdychowski et al 2021 ), Colombia (Juan and Gonz 2020 ), India (Dhote et al 2020 ; Rajput et al 2020 ), Mississippi (Thapa and Engelken 2019 ), Korea (Park et al 2020 ), Philippines (Navalta et al 2020 ), Nigeria (Ajimotokan et al 2019b ), China (Xia et al 2019 ) South Africa (Shuma and Madyira 2019 ), and Poland (Czeka et al 2018 ) among other origins. Some of feedstock reported recently include cashew nutshell (Ifa et al 2020 ; Chungcharoen and Srisang 2020 ), sugar cane bagasse (John et al 2020 ; Setter et al 2020 ), sawdust (Ajimotokan et al 2019b ; Yang et al 2021 ; Afsal et al 2020 ; Wang et al 2020 ), rice husk and rice brain (John et al 2020 ; Faverzani et al 2020 ), palm kernel shell and oil palm fruit bunch (Cabrales et al 2020 ; Osei et al 2020 ), citrus peel (Faverzani et al 2020 ), Sitka Spruce and olive pit (Trubetskaya et al 2019 ), miscanthus, wheat, barley (Mitchell et al 2020 ), areca nut (Chungcharoen and Srisang 2020 ), mushroom(Rafael et al 2020 ) and biomass charcoal-based product (Ajimotokan et al 2019b ; Lubwama et al 2020 ; Jelonek et al 2020 ; Cong et al 2020 ). Generally, government policy regarding renewable energy, greenhouse emission, and energy demand greatly determines the growth of solid biomass fuels in any region (Bajwa et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Recent Research Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

Ibitoye

Jen

Mahamood

et al. 2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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The global demand for sustainable energy is increasing due to urbanization, industrialization, population, and developmental growth. Transforming the large quantities of biomass resources such as agro-residues/wastes could raise the energy supply and promote energy mix. Residues of biomass instituted in the rural and industrial centers are enormous, and poor management of these residues results in several indescribable environmental threats. The energy potential of these residues can provide job opportunities and income for nations. The generation and utilization of dissimilar biomass as feedstock for energy production via densification could advance the diversity of energy crops. An increase in renewable and clean energy demand will likely increase the request for biomass residues for renewable energy generation via densification. This will reduce the environmental challenges associated with burning and dumping of these residues in an open field. Densification is the process of compacting particles together through the application of pressure to form solid fuels. Marketable densification is usually carried out using conventional pressure-driven processes such as extrusion, screw press, piston type, hydraulic piston press, roller press, and pallet press (ring and flat die). Based on compaction, densification methods can be categorized into high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure compactions. The common densification processes are briquetting, pelletizing, bailing, and cubing. They manufacture solid fuel with desirable fuel characteristics—physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and combustion characteristics. Fuel briquettes and pellets have numerous advantages and applications both in domestic and industrial settings. However, for biomass to be rationally and efficiently utilized as solid fuel, it must be characterized to determine its fuel properties. Herein, an overview of the densification of biomass residues as a source of sustainable energy is presented.

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Section: Recent Research Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

Ibitoye

Jen

Mahamood

et al. 2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hence, success in converting this waste material into benefitting products would reduce cost of waste disposed and contribute towards cleaner environment [27]. As reported by reference [28], the use of biomass from the residues of African oil palm would reduce emissions from CO2 from 17.4 Tg p/year to 12.6 Tg p/year and from 3.0 PJ oil p/year to 23.0 PJ of oil p/year, corresponding to 72% and 67% of reduction respectively [28]. Nonetheless, some productive utilisation of these waste materials is not without its attendant effects on the environment.…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of Opefbmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) – Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking

Noah¹

2022

Elaeis Guineensis

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Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) is one of the most economical perennial oil crops for its valuable oil-producing fruits in tropical regions such as West Africa and South-East Asia. During oil extraction process, these fruits are usually stripped from the fruit bunches leaving behind empty bunches to be discarded as residues. Thus, empty fruit bunches (EFB) of Elaeis guineensis are usually considered as waste in the oil palm industry. The abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has created enormous environmental issue, ranging from fouling, attraction of pests, greenhouse gas emissions to soil acidification, thus posing very serious threats to humans and the environment. Globally, in 2014 alone, over 22.4 million tons of EFB were estimated to have been produced. Therefore, exploring eco-friendly disposal methods and productive utilisation of oil palm EFB as alternative fibrous material for papermaking becomes imperative in converting waste to wealth, and initiating environmental wellness. Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre on the average measures 0.99 μm in length, while the fibre diameter and cell wall thickness are 19.1 μm and 3.38 μm respectively. Fibres of EFB are of ligno-cellulosic materials, consisting on the average of an estimated cellulosic content of 30–50%, 15–35% of hemicelluloses and the lignin constituting about 20–30% of extractive-free fibre. The rich cellulose base of EFB fibre makes Elaeis guineensis a good potential resource for papermaking furnish moreso that the pulp and paper industry is often referred to as the cellulose industry. Every 5 tons of EFB gives 1 ton of pulp for papermaking. This book chapter will therefore attempt to examine the fibre morphological characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch, the chemical properties of EFB fibre, papermaking potentials of empty fruit bunches and ultimately their impact on the environment.

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“…Briquetting is a method that involves compressing lignocellulosic biomass to create compact and solid forms from irregular particles [13]. The briquettes' quality is affected by factors inherent to the process, such as the pressure and temperature applied during processing, and factors related to biomass quality, such as moisture, particle size, density, and chemical composition [14][15][16]. The process begins with the crushing and grinding of biomass into particles ranging from 5 to 10 mm in size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Solid Biofuel Production: Transforming Sewage Sludge and Pinus sp. Sawdust into Resources for the Circular Economy

Pereira,

Zanuncio,

Carvalho

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The lack of adequate sanitation in Brazil overloads the health system and causes deaths. The utilization of sewage sludge hinders advancements in water treatment. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of producing briquettes by blending sewage sludge with Pinus sp. sawdust. The sewage sludge was sourced from a water treatment facility, while the Pinus sp. sawdust was obtained from a sawmill. Elemental analysis, proximate analysis, and calorific value were evaluated for both biomasses. Briquettes were manufactured using a hydraulic press, varying the proportion of sewage sludge from 0% to 95%, followed by thermogravimetric analysis. Pinus sp. sawdust exhibited higher carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen content, whereas sewage sludge contained more nitrogen and sulfur. The sawdust had greater fixed carbon content, volatile matter, and calorific value, while the sewage sludge had higher ash content. Samples with higher sewage sludge content showed better thermal resistance, with 100% sewage sludge retaining 63.3% mass after exposure to 950 °C. Briquettes with higher sewage sludge content had increased energy density. Considering the elevated nitrogen, sulfur, and ash content, sewage sludge should be limited to 5% in briquette production with Pinus sp. sawdust. This research underscores a significant avenue for sewage sludge utilization and sustainable bioenergy production.

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The effects of moisture content, fiber length and compaction time on African oil palm empty fruit bunches briquette quality parameters

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) – Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking

Sustainable Solid Biofuel Production: Transforming Sewage Sludge and Pinus sp. Sawdust into Resources for the Circular Economy

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