The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of <i>Steinernema feltiae</i>

Leite, Luis Garrigós; Shapiro‐Ilan, David I.; Hazır, Selçuk; Jackson, Mark A.

doi:10.21307/jofnem-2017-018

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In our study, the highest concentration of IJs was 9.5 × 10 5 IJs/g medium excluding the weight of water and thus the value was really higher than that reported by Ramakuwela et al (2016). This result was close to the value reported when using basic medium in liquid culture with an agitation speed 280 rpm (Leite et al, 2016b). In another study, 9.7 × 10 5 IJs/g medium (after 15 d incubation) was achieved using chicken offal medium (Tabassum and Shahina,Figure 3: Effect of insect powder and dose level on the progeny yield (h) of Spodoptera litura larvae in two trials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The mixture of eggs juveniles, males, and residue of females was rinsed three times in sterile distilled-water. Then the mixture suspension (1-2 drops) was transferred to wells of a 24-well culture plate with 0.3 mL of TSB+Y medium in each well and incubated at 25°C for 2 d and then used for inoculum (Leite et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Nematode Axenizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic medium without insect powder was included as control. The basic culture medium was prepared according to Leite et al (2016b) with 25 g glucose, 23 g yeast extract, 6.25 g egg yolk, 6.25 g egg white, 5 g NaCl, 2 g agar, and 40 g peanut oil, and distilled water in one litter. Each treatment had four replications.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced entomopathogenic nematode yield and fitness via addition of pulverized insect powder to solid media

Zhen

Hou

et al. 2018

Journal of Nematology

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Beneficial nematodes are used as biological control agents. Lowcost mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) is an important prerequisite toward their successful commercialization. EPNs can be grown via in vivo methods or in sold or liquid fermentation. For solid and liquid approaches, media optimization is paramount to maximizing EPN yield and quality. In solid media, the authors investigated the effects of incorporating pulverized insect powder from larvae of three insects (Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor, and Lucillia sericata) at three dose levels (1, 3, and 5%). The impact of insect powder was assessed on infective juvenile (IJ) yield in solid media. Additionally, IJs produced in solid culture were subsequently assessed for virulence, and progeny production in a target insect, Spodoptera litura. The dose level of larval powder had a significant effect on IJ yield in both trials, whereas insect type had significant effect on IJ yield in trial 1 but not in trial 2. The maximum solid culture yield was observed in T. molitor powder at the highest dose in both trials. Moreover, the time-to-death in S. litura was substantially shortened in trial 1 and in trial 2 when IJs from the T. molitor powder treatment were applied. There was no significant effect of combining two insect powders relative to addition of powder from a single insect species. These findings indicate that addition of insect powder to solid media leads to high mass production yields, and the fitness of the IJs produced (e.g., in virulence and reproductive capacity) can be enhanced as well.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Nematode Axenizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced entomopathogenic nematode yield and fitness via addition of pulverized insect powder to solid media

Zhen

Hou

et al. 2018

Journal of Nematology

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“…Microbiological research frequently involves cell culture experiments using chemically defined synthetic media in small flasks. In biotechnological research, the applicability of such laboratory generated data to industrial conditions is of primary importance (Farid et al , Ercan et al , Jayakar and Singhal , Saad et al , Ibrahim et al , Leite et al ). In wine microbiology, it has already been reported that several parameters influence the successful completion of the fermentation and the production of desirable flavour compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agitation impacts fermentation performance as well as carbon and nitrogen metabolism inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeunder winemaking conditions

Rollero

Roberts

Bauer

et al. 2018

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Background and Aims: Under industrial conditions, fermenting juice is normally not mechanically agitated; thermodynamic forces will lead to some rotating motion of the medium. At laboratory scale, research aims to mimic industrial conditions using a standardised synthetic grape juice-like medium. The level of agitation applied, however, to fermentations differs between the studies. In this study, we investigated the influence of agitation speed on fermentation parameters, including fermentation kinetics, yeast cell production and volatile aroma production. Methods and Results: These parameters were evaluated during fermentations under different agitation conditions. Agitation speed was found to significantly influence all the parameters monitored. In the evaluated conditions, a speed of 80 rpm was optimal for the production of fermentative aromas (lead to the highest production) while guaranteeing the complete and rapid fermentation and limiting the production of off-flavours. Fermentation of a Chardonnay grape juice in 50 L tanks confirmed the results, and the panellists described the wine produced by the stirred fermentation as sweeter but it is likely that the panellists meant softer because the wines were dry. Conclusions: Agitation is an important parameter to control during fermentation under laboratory conditions. The data also suggest that the type and strength of agitation in commercial fermentations may have a more significant impact than previously thought. Significance of the Study: This study demonstrates that researchers must take into account the importance of agitation during their studies. Similarly, winemakers might consider constant agitation of their tanks.

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“…Xenorhabdus bovienii isolation and S. feltiae axenization were done according to Leite et al (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inoculum age and physical parameters onin vitroculture of the entomopathogenic nematodeSteinernema feltiae

et al. 2016

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae have a symbiotic association with bacteria which makes them virulent against insects. EPNs have been mass produced using in vivo and in vitro methods, including both solid and liquid fermentation. This study assessed the effect of nematode inoculum age on the production of Steinernema feltiae in liquid, solid and biphasic processes. Several physical parameters were also assessed: the effect of medium viscosity, flask size and aeration speed on the recovery and yield of infective juveniles (IJs). Inoculum age treatments included inoculum liquid cultures that were 7, 14, 21 and 28 days old. Nematodes from the same inoculum were added to one liquid medium (liquid culture), one solid medium with bacteria previously grown in sponge (solid culture) and a variation of the solid medium (a biphasic culture), in which the bacteria were first grown in liquid and, then, soaked into the sponges, with the purpose of providing a more homogeneous bacterial culture before nematode inoculation. Experiments were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks. Eight treatments were established involving combinations of three variables: two media (with and without 0.2% agar), two flask sizes (250 and 150 ml) and two agitation speeds (180 and 280 rpm). The study showed increases in nematode yield for liquid cultures, but not for solid or biphasic cultures, with the advance of the inoculum age up to 28 days of growth. Furthermore, the addition of 0.2% agar to the liquid medium and increasing the aeration rate by using larger flasks with higher agitation speed may increase nematode recovery and final yield. The experiments were conducted using shake flasks but the results may also be applicable for bioreactors.

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The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of Steinernema feltiae

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Enhanced entomopathogenic nematode yield and fitness via addition of pulverized insect powder to solid media

Enhanced entomopathogenic nematode yield and fitness via addition of pulverized insect powder to solid media

Agitation impacts fermentation performance as well as carbon and nitrogen metabolism inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeunder winemaking conditions

Effect of inoculum age and physical parameters onin vitroculture of the entomopathogenic nematodeSteinernema feltiae

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