The effects of scarcity on cheating and in-group favoritism

Aksoy, Billur; Palma, Marco A.

doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2019.06.024

Cited by 49 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Second, we distinguish our work from previous research by focusing on food scarcity as opposed to scarcity of financial resources (Mani et al 2013;Aksoy and Palma 2019;Boonmanunt and Meier 2020). In e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, by instrumenting scarcity using the post-harvest shock in food supply as an instrument, we go further than studies focusing exclusively on the reduced form impact of the harvest (Mani et al 2013;Bartos 2016;Aksoy and Palma 2019;Boonmanunt and Meier 2020). Using a two-stage least squares approach, we are able to document that scarcity is indeed the mediating channel depressing cooperation in the lean period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Scarcity Reduce Cooperation? Experimental Evidence from Rural Tanzania

et al. 2020

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Cooperation is essential to reap efficiency gains from specialization, not least in poor communities where economic transactions often are informal. Yet, cooperation might be more difficult to sustain under scarcity, since defecting from a cooperative equilibrium can yield safe, short-run benefits. In this study, we investigate how scarcity affects cooperation by leveraging exogenous variation in economic conditions induced by the Msimu harvest in rural Tanzania. We document significant changes in food consumption between the pre-and post-harvest period, and show that lean season scarcity reduces socially efficient but personally risky investments in a framed Investment Game. This can contribute to what is commonly referred to as a behavioral poverty trap.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Scarcity Reduce Cooperation? Experimental Evidence from Rural Tanzania

et al. 2020

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“…These methods rely on the statistical detection of pairs of students whose response patterns are unusually similar. 2 Ideally, these methods are designed with the aim of testing whether a particular pair of students on which there may be some suspicion have, in fact, engaged in illicit communication. In our setting, since we test for illicit communication from every possible pair of students in each classroom, the probability of accusing falsely of cheating any student is much larger than that of accusing any given pair.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cheating and Incentives: Learning from a Policy Experiment

Martinelli

Parker

Perez-Gea

et al. 2018

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

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We use a database generated by a policy intervention that incentivized learning as measured by standardized exams to investigate empirically the relationship between cheating by students and cash incentives to students and teachers. We adapt methods from the education measurement literature to calculate the extent of cheating and show that cheating is more prevalent under treatments that provide monetary incentives to students (versus no incentives or incentives only to teachers). We provide evidence suggesting that students may have learned to cheat, with the number of cheating students per classroom increasing over time under treatments that provide monetary incentives to students. (JEL D83, I21, I28, O15)

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“…A study in Latin America finds that farmers' cheating behavior in a multi-round game did not depend on their current level of scarcity in the game [51].…”

Section: Other (N = 1): Scarcity Is Not Always An Explanation For Antmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framed Experiments and Games in Agriculture: A Systematic Review of the 21st Century in Economics and Social Science

Jn¹,

Mauerman²,

A³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Framed experiments and games are a useful medium to understand how context affects individual and group decision-making. They are particularly relevant for field research in agriculture, where alternative experimental designs can be costly and unfeasible. After a systematic review of the literature, we found that the volume of published studies employing coordination and cooperation games increased during the 2000-2020 period. In recent years, there has been greater attention given to natural resource management, conservation, and ecology areas, especially in strategic regions for agriculture sustainability. Other games, such as trust and risk games, have come to be regarded as standards of framed field experiments in agriculture. Regardless of sectoral focus, most games' results are subject to internal and external validity criticism. In particular, a significant portion of the games showed potential recruitment biases against women and no opportunities for a continued impact assessment. However, games' validity should be judged on a case-by-case basis. Specific cultural aspects of games might reflect the real context, and generalizing games' conclusions to different settings is often constrained by cost and utility. Overall, games in agriculture could benefit from more significant, frequent, and inclusive experiments and data – all possibilities offered by digital technology. Present-day physical distance restrictions may accelerate this shift. New technologies and engaging ways to approach farmers might represent a turning point for games in agriculture in the 21st century.

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The effects of scarcity on cheating and in-group favoritism

Cited by 49 publications

References 81 publications

Does Scarcity Reduce Cooperation? Experimental Evidence from Rural Tanzania

Does Scarcity Reduce Cooperation? Experimental Evidence from Rural Tanzania

Cheating and Incentives: Learning from a Policy Experiment

Framed Experiments and Games in Agriculture: A Systematic Review of the 21st Century in Economics and Social Science

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