The Effects of Silicone Fluid Additives and Silicone Elastomer Matrices on Barnacle Adhesion Strength

Kavanagh, Christopher; Swain, Geoffrey; Kovach, Brett; Stein, Judith A.; Darkangelo-Wood, Christina; Truby, Kathryn; Holm, Eric; Montemarano, Jean; Meyer, Anne E.; Wiebe, Deborah

doi:10.1080/08927010310001623296

Cited by 85 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results reported here arise from field tests conducted as part of a research program aimed at developing improved fouling-release polymers through incorporation of silicone oils Darkangelo Wood et al 2000;Kavanagh et al 2003;Stein et al 2003). The field tests were designed to examine two hypotheses: i) adhesion of individual fouling species does not vary across the 12 silicone surface treatments, and ii) if variation across the surface treatments exists, the pattern of that variation is similar among the fouling species tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This coating system consists of an epoxy anticorrosive layer, overcoated with a toughening layer (tie coat) of a silicone-styrene butylacrylate polymer blend, followed by a silicone top coat. The silicone top coats were generated from two different polydimethylsiloxane elastomer bases (RTV 11 1 and a silica-filled base), variously modified by addition of silicone oils (Table I and Table II, see also Kavanagh et al [2003] and Stein et al [2003] for details). In one surface treatment (#12), the tie coat, rather than the top coat, was modified by the addition of oil.…”

Section: Surface Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interspecific variation in patterns of adhesion of marine fouling to silicone surfaces

Holm

Kavanagh

Meyer³

et al. 2006

Biofouling

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The adhesion of six fouling organisms: the barnacle Balanus eburneus, the gastropod mollusc Crepidula fornicata, the bivalve molluscs Crassostrea virginica and Ostrea/Dendrostrea spp., and the serpulid tubeworms Hydroides dianthus and H. elegans, to 12 silicone fouling-release surfaces was examined. Removal stress (adhesion strength) varied among the fouling species and among the surfaces. Principal component analysis of the removal stress data revealed that the fouling species fell into two distinct groups, one comprising the bivalve molluscs and tubeworms, and the other the barnacle and the gastropod mollusc. None of the silicone materials generated a minimum in removal stress for all the organisms tested, although several surfaces produced low adhesion strengths for both groups of species. These results suggest that fouling-release materials do not rank (in terms of adhesion strength) identically for all fouling organisms, and thus development of a globally-effective hull coating will continue to require testing against a diversity of encrusting species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific variation in patterns of adhesion of marine fouling to silicone surfaces

Holm

Kavanagh

Meyer³

et al. 2006

Biofouling

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One promising technology has been the use of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings. The chemical and mechanical properties of these materials reduce the normally tenacious attachment of barnacles to hard substrata (exceeding 1.0 Â 10 6 N=m 2 ) to levels that enable easy removal (1.0 Â 10 5 N=m 2 ) [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Barnacle Detachment from Silicones using High-Speed Video

Kavanagh

Quinn

Swain

2005

The Journal of Adhesion

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The detachment of barnacles (under shear and tensile loads) from silicone was investigated with the aid of high-speed digital video recording. A handheld probe was used to apply loads to the shells of barnacles attached to three clear siliconeelastomer coatings of known thickness applied to glass plates. The tests were performed in the laboratory in air and underwater. Representative data are presented as a qualitative description of separation at the barnacle adhesive-silicone interface. Detailed examination of adhesive separation during detachment provided new insight into the nature of a marine biological adhesive on a low modulus, artificial surface. The visible response of the barnacle adhesive on silicone under external shear and tensile loading was suggestive of the viscous fingering seen in Saffman-Taylor instabilities. Complex branching separation occurred in rapid progression, usually within 100 ms. The results suggest that the barnacle adhesive exhibits rheological responses of a viscous material at the interface with silicone surfaces. Additional experiments with time-lapse photography demonstrated that the adhesive was stable underwater but became dehydrated or coalesced when exposed directly to air. A simple model of the adhesive system of a barnacle in contact with silicone based upon Balanus eburneus is proposed to assist in the development of a more complete understanding of barnacle adhesion.

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“…Intersleek and Sigma Glide was in the range of published data from Swain et al (2000) and Kavanagh et al (2003) for fouling release coatings. The adhesion strength of barnacles to Dow Corning 3140 RTV and General Electric RTV11 ranged between 0.15 and 0.5 MPa.…”

Section: The Adhesion Strength Measured For Barnacles Onmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Impact of Desiccation on the Adhesion of Barnacles Attached to Non-stick Coatings

Wiegemann

Watermann²

2004

Biofouling

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Fouling-release coatings prevent fouling of ships' hulls through hydrodynamic forces generated as the ship moves through the water. The effectiveness of such coatings may be evaluated by measuring the adhesion strength of settled organisms, e.g. barnacles. The influence of desiccation of the barnacle adhesive on such measurements was investigated. Shear forces required to remove barnacles of the genus Balanus increased during the course of desiccation up to the point when the barnacles suddenly self-detached. The increase was thought to be due to the rising cohesive strength of the adhesive. Growing tensile forces within the weakly cross-linked adhesive, however, are suggested to have led to self-detachment. The shear forces required to remove barnacles of the genus Elminius were generally low and did not differ significantly during the course of desiccation. The different results may be attributed to specific base morphologies. It was concluded that measuring the adhesion strength of members of the Balanidae on non-stick surfaces in air could produce flawed results due to the influence of desiccation of the barnacle adhesive. The investigations have also provided new insights into the characteristics of barnacle adhesive.

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The Effects of Silicone Fluid Additives and Silicone Elastomer Matrices on Barnacle Adhesion Strength

Cited by 85 publications

References 15 publications

Interspecific variation in patterns of adhesion of marine fouling to silicone surfaces

Interspecific variation in patterns of adhesion of marine fouling to silicone surfaces

Observations of Barnacle Detachment from Silicones using High-Speed Video

The Impact of Desiccation on the Adhesion of Barnacles Attached to Non-stick Coatings

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