The Effects of Substance P on the Biomechanic Properties of Ruptured Rat Achilles’ Tendon

Steyaert, Adelheid; Burssens, Peter; Vercruysse, Chris; Vanderstraeten, Guy; Verbeeck, Ronald

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.10.025

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…13 An adjunct inflammatory involvement of the paratendon might be expected in tendinopathy. Authors of recent animal studies 4,20 found that paratendinous injections of substance P following surgical repair of the Achilles tendon in rats appears to provide a stimulus to the initial stages of healing and significantly accelerate the reparative phase of the healing process. Peritendinous injections of proinflammatory prostaglandin PGE 1 produce acute inflammation of the Achilles tendon, with prolonged PGE 1 administration leading to both peritendinous and intratendinous degeneration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric Training Decreases Paratendon Capillary Blood Flow and Preserves Paratendon Oxygen Saturation in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy

Knobloch

Kraemer²,

Jagodzinski³

et al. 2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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a chilles tendinopathy is associated with a certain degree of neovascularisation 15 and pain, which may be demonstrated by either color Doppler or Power Doppler ultrasound. The introduction of Laser Doppler supports imaging in soft tissue inflammation and is believed to be more sensitive than Power Doppler. 5The baseline Achilles tendon as well as paratendon microcirculation in healthy athletes differs from patients with either insertional or midportion tendinopathy, where capillary blood flow at the point of pain is increased as determined by laser Doppler flowmetry. 13 Combining laser Doppler flowmetry to assess capillary blood flow, with spectrophotometry to determine local oxygen saturation and t study design: A controlled, randomized, prospective study.t obJectiVe: To assess the changes in paratendon microcirculation after 12 weeks of daily painful eccentric training in individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy.t bacKground: Changes in tendon and paratendon microcirculation are evident in insertional and midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Whether the paratendon is involved in eccentric training response is not known.t Methods: Twenty patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy were recruited for a prospective, controlled trial using eccentric exercise. A laser Doppler system assessed capillary blood flow (flow), tissue oxygen saturation (SO 2 ), and postcapillary venous filling pressure (rHb) at 8 paratendon locations at depths of 2 and 8 mm.t results: Pain in the eccentric-training group was reduced by 48% (from a mean of 4.1 6 2.9 to 2.1 6 2.2, P,.05). Deep paratendon blood flow decreased at the midportion paratendon location (P,.05). Superficial blood flow at the medial distal midportion position (by 31%, P = .008) and the lateral proximal midportion location (by 45%, P = .016) were significantly decreased postintervention. No significant change of superficial or deep paratendon oxygenation was found after intervention as compared to baseline. Deep paratendon postcapillary venous filling pressures were significantly reduced following eccentric training (P,.05).t conclusion: An eccentric-training program performed daily over 12 weeks reduced the increased paratendinous capillary blood flow in Achilles tendinopathy by as much as 45% and decreased pain level based on a visual analog scale. Local paratendon oxygenation was preserved while paratendinous postcapillary venous filling pressures were reduced after 12 weeks of eccentric training, which appears to be beneficial from the perspective of microcirculation.

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confidence: 99%

Eccentric Training Decreases Paratendon Capillary Blood Flow and Preserves Paratendon Oxygen Saturation in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy

Knobloch

Kraemer²,

Jagodzinski³

et al. 2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…Exogenous administration of SP promoted wound and tendon healing. 10,[36][37][38][39] Moreover, inhibition of neutral endopeptidase, which degrades SP, augments epithelialization. 40 Thus, an exogenous SP supply after tendon injury resulted in increased fibroblast number, diameter of the organized collagen, and the amount of collagen III after injury (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Comorbidities: Neuropathy, Vasculopathy, and Diabetes on Healing Response Quality

Ackermann

Hart

2013

Advances in Wound Care

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“…In spite of this gap in knowledge, accumulating data do suggest that neuropeptides and their receptors play an important role in tissue repair and homeostasis. [5][6][7] Recently, it was reported that ruptured tendons in rats exhibited extensive new nerve fiber ingrowth during the early repair phases of healing (weeks 1-4). 8 This was followed by a specific temporal expression of sensory neuropeptides, i.e., substance P (SP) and calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), suggesting an essential role in tendon repair.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…8,33 However, after injury, an early ingrowth of nerves can be detected suggesting that such elements provide a delivery system for neuronal mediators (e.g., specific neuropeptides), which are believed to be essential for healing. 5,7 In fact, local innervation has been demonstrated to be an important part in tissue regeneration. 6 Thus, the detection of sensory neuropeptide receptors in the healing Achilles tendon infers a functional basis (e.g., mediators þ specific receptor expression) for neuronal promotion or regulation of tissue repair.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has in fact recently been demonstrated that exogenous administration of SP may increase the number of fibroblasts and the collagen organization, as well as enhancing the biomechanical properties in the healing rat tendon. 5,7 The effects of SP and CGRP are dependent on the occurrence of G protein-coupled receptors. [9][10][11] Thus, the SP-receptor, neurokinin 1 (NK 1 ), and the CGRP-receptor, calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR), including the receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP-1), have been reported to promote angiogenesis and tissue repair by stimulating proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Joint immobilization reduces the expression of sensory neuropeptide receptors and impairs healing after tendon rupture in a rat model

Bring

Reno

Renström

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Healing after mobilization versus immobilization was assessed in a model of rat Achilles tendon rupture, by RT-PCR at 8 and 17 days and by histological analyses at 14 and 28 days postrupture. The expression of mRNA for extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules (collagen type I and type III, versican, decorin, and biglycan), and the subjective histological maturation of the healing area were analyzed. Effects of immobilization on healing were related to changes in the peripheral expression of substance P (NK 1 )-and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CRLR and RAMP-1)-receptors. At 8 days postinjury, mRNA levels for ECM molecules were equal in both groups. However, by day 17, the ECM mRNA expression in the mobilized group had increased up to $14Â that of the immobilized group, which were comparable to intact tendon values. Histological analysis confirmed a higher regenerating activity in the mobilized group, with an increased amount of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and new collagen. The expression of sensory neuropeptide receptors in the mobilized group exhibited a significant increase from 8 to 17 days postinjury similar to the increased ECM mRNA expression, whereas the immobilized group at 17 days exhibited levels comparable to the intact tendon values. Therefore, immobilization postrupture appears to hamper tendon healing, a process which may prove to be directly linked to a downregulated peripheral sensitivity to sensory neuropeptide stimulation. ß

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The Effects of Substance P on the Biomechanic Properties of Ruptured Rat Achilles’ Tendon

Cited by 43 publications

References 37 publications

Eccentric Training Decreases Paratendon Capillary Blood Flow and Preserves Paratendon Oxygen Saturation in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy

Eccentric Training Decreases Paratendon Capillary Blood Flow and Preserves Paratendon Oxygen Saturation in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy

Influence of Comorbidities: Neuropathy, Vasculopathy, and Diabetes on Healing Response Quality

Joint immobilization reduces the expression of sensory neuropeptide receptors and impairs healing after tendon rupture in a rat model

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