The effects of synbiotic supplementation on thyroid function and inflammation in hypothyroid patients: A randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial

Talebi, Sepide; Karimifar, Mozhgan; Heidari, Zahra; Mohammadi, Hamed; Askari, Gholamreza

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102234

Cited by 47 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Synbiotic supplementation is a combination of pro-and pre-biotics and a recent study showed beneficial effects on patients with hypothyroidism by significantly reducing TSH, levothyroxine dose, and fatigue and increasing fT3. No influence on anti-TPO or blood pressure was observed [112]. However, when conferring animal studies, it must be considered that microbiota in different animal species are not obligatory comparable to humans.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?

et al. 2020

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A healthy gut microbiota not only has beneficial effects on the activity of the immune system, but also on thyroid function. Thyroid and intestinal diseases prevalently coexist—Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are the most common autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) and often co-occur with Celiac Disease (CD) and Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). This can be explained by the damaged intestinal barrier and the following increase of intestinal permeability, allowing antigens to pass more easily and activate the immune system or cross-react with extraintestinal tissues, respectively. Dysbiosis has not only been found in AITDs, but has also been reported in thyroid carcinoma, in which an increased number of carcinogenic and inflammatory bacterial strains were observed. Additionally, the composition of the gut microbiota has an influence on the availability of essential micronutrients for the thyroid gland. Iodine, iron, and copper are crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis, selenium and zinc are needed for converting T4 to T3, and vitamin D assists in regulating the immune response. Those micronutrients are often found to be deficient in AITDs, resulting in malfunctioning of the thyroid. Bariatric surgery can lead to an inadequate absorption of these nutrients and further implicates changes in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and T3 levels. Supplementation of probiotics showed beneficial effects on thyroid hormones and thyroid function in general. A literature research was performed to examine the interplay between gut microbiota and thyroid disorders that should be considered when treating patients suffering from thyroid diseases. Multifactorial therapeutic and preventive management strategies could be established and more specifically adjusted to patients, depending on their gut bacteria composition. Future well-powered human studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of alterations in gut microbiota on thyroid function and diseases.

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Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?

et al. 2020

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“…Synbiotics are the controlled combination of probiotics and prebiotics and their supplementation aims to provide a more enhanced health benefit on human health and disease. Known prebiotics are fructans (e.g., inulin), complex polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols [16,79] and in combination with probiotics, they have been used for the treatment of conditions and disease [18,27,28,80,81]. Synbiotics containing L. acidophilus NCC90, oligofructose and acacia gum can have a preventive role on bone mineral loss after ovariectomy in rats [16].…”

Section: Synbioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that synbiotic treatments showed beneficial effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), reducing fibrosis and hepatic steatosis in humans [82,83], total necrosis factor α (TNF-α), total nuclear factor κ-B (TNF-κB) and other NAFLD biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [83]. Moreover, synbiotics can bring improvements on Crohn's disease through reduction in TNF-α production [84], IBS [85] and delayed Alzheimer's disease in Drosofila melanogaster [86]; improvement of thyroid function was observed after 8 weeks of synbiotic supplementation in hypothyroid patients, decreasing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and increasing tri-iodothyronine (FT3), whilst overall increasing FT3/TSH ratio [18]. Bifidobacterium Longum in combination with inulin, reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-1α in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis [77].…”

Section: Synbioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term probiotic was introduced by Werner Kollath [13] and according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), this term refers to the microorganisms that ''when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host" [14]. Probiotics are found to have multiple beneficial roles on human health and disease, through restoration of gut microbiota (GM) [15,16], symptom improvement on intestinal disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [17], modulation of hormonal profile in animals and humans [18][19][20][21][22] and skin infections and healing [23][24][25]. Along with the beneficial microorganisms, prebiotics, which are fermented compounds that support and promote modifications in the activity and composition of GM [26], have also been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Hirsutism

Lolou

2021

Fermentation

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Probiotics and synbiotics are known to have beneficial effects on human health and disease. Hirsutism, a disorder that is characterised by the presence of coarse terminal hairs in a male-like pattern, is usually caused by elevated androgen levels in blood plasma. This disorder is usually observed in PCOS women and it is linked to insulin resistance (IR). Although idiopathic hirsutism (IH) is not shown to have excess androgen production from the ovarian and adrenal glands, increased 5α-reductase in peripheral tissues and insulin resistance are common observations. The effect of probiotics and synbiotics have been recently studied on PCOS women; androgens were also included in the hormonal groups that were investigated. Only a few studies focus on hirsutism and the potential effect of the beneficial microbes mentioned, whereas the increasing interest on insulin resistance and synbiotics indicate a potential beneficial effect on hirsutism through the management of insulin resistance.

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“…As well, hypothyroidism is represented a potential risk of obesity (Sanyal & Raychaudhuri, 2016). Untreated hypothyroidism is linked to various clinical signs, like constipation, fatigue, weight gain, infertility, depression, and bradycardia (Gaitonde, Rowley, & Sweeney, 2012; Talebi, Ghaedi, et al, 2019; Talebi, Karimifar, Heidari, Mohammadi, & Askari, 2020). However, many patients, despite being treated with adequate thyroid hormone replacement, still experience hypothyroid‐related symptoms, affecting patient quality of life (Freeman, Adunlin, Mercadel, Danzi, & Klein, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices, appetite, and constipation in people with hypothyroidism: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Karimifar

Heidari

Mohammadi

et al. 2020

Phytotherapy Research

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Hypothyroidism and obesity are two highly prevalent conditions that appear to be closely related. Hypothyroidism is correlated with weight gain, loss of appetite, constipation, and a higher incidence of obesity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices, appetite, and constipation in subjects with hypothyroidism. Sixty subjects with hypothyroidism were assigned into two groups to receive either 500 mg/day of synbiotic (n = 30) or a placebo (n = 30) per day for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, appetite, and constipation were assessed at study baseline and end of the trial. At the end of trial, waistto-hip ratio was significantly decreased in the synbiotic group (p = .030), whereas there were no significant differences between groups. We did not observe any statistically significant change in appetite or other anthropometric indices (p > .05). Compared with the placebo synbiotic supplementation led to a significant reduction in constipation (p = .048). The results of the present trial indicated that synbiotic supplementation may have favorable results in constipation among subjects with hypothyroidism for 8 weeks. Further studies with larger sample size and longer duration are needed to confirm our findings.

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The effects of synbiotic supplementation on thyroid function and inflammation in hypothyroid patients: A randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?

Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?

The Role of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Hirsutism

The effect of synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices, appetite, and constipation in people with hypothyroidism: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

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