The effects of the environmental conditions of some Zener voltage references

Modeling effects of relative humidity, moisture, and extreme environmental conditions on power electronic performance

“…The requirements depend on the application, for example thermal transfer, conformity to uneven surfaces, drying time, etc. GAP FILLER 1000 (Bergquist Company); ρ th =10 11 Ω-m; T-putty 502 (Laird Technologies) ρ th = 5x10 11 Ω-m; THERM-A-GAP™ 569, 570, 579, 580 (Chomerics) ρ th = 10 12 Ω-m; THERM-A-FORM T644/T644G 1 (Chomerics) ρ th = 10 11 Ω-m Enclosure materials (ρ c ): Metallic enclosures are the preferred way for power systems; the main advantage of their use is the reduction of radiated noise and superior 1 Low modulus interface compound for heat transfer applications involving fragile electronic components. This is the material used for the application example and simulation results.…”

“…Understanding the effects of these uncontrolled environmental conditions at the component and system levels and applying this knowledge during the design phase can improve the reliability of the equipment, thereby reducing failures and dropping maintenance costs. Some of the environmental conditions affecting electronic equipment and systems include moisture, dust, vibration, air cooling and heating [1], etc. The focus of this paper is to begin to quantify the effects of humidity on circuit board performance of power electronic equipment.…”

The use of within-group comparison of an ensemble standard to investigate the humidity dependence of electronic voltage standards

“…Although not included in the model which we use to describe the output EMF of our voltage standards, it is known that variations in the ambient humidity can produce a measurable effect on the outputs of some types of electronic voltage standards [9][10][11][12] and that this humidity dependence displays a long time constant. Liu et al [13] suggest using a first order differential equation to model the effect of humidity on the output of electronic voltage standards.…”