The Efficacity Investigation for Some Markers Detecting Yellow Rust Resistance Genes in Bread Wheat Varieties

Abstract

Yellow rust is (Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) is among the supreme diseases causing serious losses in wheat production. The chemical fungicides are commonly used in this disease-fighting. However, chemical control is not economical and also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, the use of resistant wheat varieties in production has critical importance. The resistance against yellow rust disease is expressed with Yr genes. In the breeding studies, knowing which parents include resistance genes provides a great advantage in the development of new resistant varieties. This study aims to determine the efficiency of markers used to detect resistance genes against yellow rust disease. The efficiency of molecular markers (Xgwm582, RgaYr10a, Xgwm413, Xgwm11, Wmc44, Barc101, Cfa2149, Sun104, Xgwm273) that are identified for nine genes (Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr48, Yr51, and YrCH52) providing resistance against yellow rust disease was investigated using PCR method. Twenty bread wheat varieties were used as material. Resistance gene profiles determined using PCR-based molecular markers and data obtained from registration information and field resistance data in the literature were analysed comparatively. As a result of the analysis, the efficiency/productivity of the markers defined for different resistance genes in detecting the resistance gene profile of wheat varieties was determined. Moreover, resistance gene profiles of varieties that are known resistance states in the field and sensitive varieties were compared. Genes that are prominent in providing resistance and detected with markers were determined and the efficiency of these genes was evaluated according to their homozygous/heterozygous states. It was concluded that the efficacy of markers such as RgaYr10a, Xgwm413, Barc101, and Cfa2149, which gave positive results in all wheat varieties, was low.

Enhancing the Productivity of Wheat (Triticum spp.) Via Genetic and Environmental Variability: A Review

“…A multitude of yield-related factors, such as plant height, the number of productive tillers, the number of grain spikes per spike, the weight of each spike, and thousand-grain mass, all have an impact on wheat production, a complex and polygenic trait.According to investigations, differences in the genotype of wheat cause changes in the number of spikelets on each spike. Furthermore, it was found that a plant's tiller count controlled the number of spikelets on each spike; plants with fewer tillers and spikelets per spike had larger seed weights because they were better at loading grains and absorbing nutrients [21]. The fertility of spikelets, or the number of kernels or spikelets, is one factor influencing the final grain yield.…”