The efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer who progressed on EGFR tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor therapy: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Abstract

BackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated who progressed on EGFR tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) therapy have limited therapeutic options. There is still no consensus on the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in NSCLC with EGFR mutations.MethodsWe did a network meta‐analysis (NMA) with a systematic literature search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. We included all phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non‐randomized controlled trials (Non‐RCTs), and retrospective studies. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed through hazard ratios (HR). Objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs) were assessed through odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR), respectively. R software was used to compare the outcomes of different treatments by Bayesian NMA.FindingsWe identified 1835 published results and 17 studies were included ultimately. A total of 2085 patients were included and accepted the following six treatments: ICIs plus chemotherapy (ICIs+Chemo), chemotherapy (Chemo), ICIs monotherapy (ICIs), ICIs plus chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy (ICIs+Chemo+Antiangio), antiangiogenic therapy plus chemotherapy (Antiangio+Chemo), ICIs plus antiangiogenic therapy (ICIs+Antiangio). ICIs+Chemo+Antiangio was associated with longer PFS and OS, as well as higher ORR (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 96%, 90%, 91%). ICIs conferred the safety profile in terms of any‐grade AEs, grade greater than or equal to 3 AEs and any grade leading to treatment discontinuation occurred AEs (SUCRA, 99%, 68%, 94%).InterpretationICIs+Chemo+Antiangio brings the greatest survival benefit in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations who progressed on EGFR‐TKI therapy, even for whom with baseline brain metastases. Compared with chemotherapy, ICIs has a low incidence of AEs and a benefit in OS.

Systemic treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer after failure of previous immune checkpoint inhibitors: a bayesian network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials

“…Our previous NMA showed that ICIs + Chemo + Antiangio was superior to chemotherapy in terms of PFS, OS and ORR for EGFR-mutated NSCLC that progressed after EGFR-TKI, and could be used as the preferred treatment. Even if the ICIs monotherapy, whose OS is better than that of chemotherapy, which can also be used as a treatment option [ 10 ]. In second-line therapy, the CheckMate-078 study showed that Nivolumab significantly prolonged OS and increased ORR compared with chemotherapy [ 11 ].…”