The elaborate floodwater harvesting system of ancient Resafa in Syria – Construction and reliability

Beckers, Brian; Schütt, Brigitta

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.04.004

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…No daily precipitation data to constrain the October 2018 flood were found. On the other side, the CRU TS3.10 Dataset for the years 2017 and 2018 19 agrees with the climate diagram of Resafa (1983-2011) 13 , and confirm that October is the month when precipitations start again after four month-long (June-September) hot and dry season. October 2018 was not an exception and the trend was increasing in the following November-December.…”

Section: Discussion: the Value Of Digging Into Satellite Archivessupporting

confidence: 78%

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Poorly known 2018 floods in Bosra UNESCO site and Sergiopolis in Syria unveiled from space using Sentinel-1/2 and COSMO-SkyMed

Tapete

Cigna

2020

Sci Rep

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The instability situation affecting the Middle East poses threats to preservation of cultural heritage. Mapping efforts based on satellite imagery currently concentrate more on recording human-induced damage than impacts of unforeseen natural events (e.g. floods). In 2018, the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Bosra and the landscape of Sergiopolis-Resafa in Syria were flooded after heavy rainfall. While the first incident was reported by heritage organisations (although information was limited to the main monument), the second event was completely unknown. Using optical and radar satellite images from the European Commission's Copernicus Sentinels fleet and the Italian Space Agency's COSMO-SkyMed constellation, we prove that these data are an enormous reservoir of information to assess comprehensively the duration, extent and severity of such natural events. In Bosra, several key assets were flooded besides the Roman Theatre, with waters taking from few days to several weeks to evacuate and dry out. In Sergiopolis, while the main ruins were sheltered by the fortification walls, the nearby floodplain was inundated. The floodwater-flow pattern resembled the simulations developed by archaeologists to prove the existence of an ancient system of embankments and dam. Our results suggest that many other events posing risk to heritage assets, otherwise unnoticed, may be unveiled if current satellite imagery archives, yet to analyse, are systematically screened.

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Section: Discussion: the Value Of Digging Into Satellite Archivessupporting

confidence: 78%

“…This system should have worked well because of the geographic position of Sergiopolis, close to the 200 m isohyet, at the margin of a climate region characterised by precipitation regime with strong Mediterranean character (i.e. regular rainfall events and low variability) 13 .…”

Section: Discussion: the Value Of Digging Into Satellite Archivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poorly known 2018 floods in Bosra UNESCO site and Sergiopolis in Syria unveiled from space using Sentinel-1/2 and COSMO-SkyMed

Tapete

Cigna

2020

Sci Rep

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“…In order to test the effects of dry climatic conditions during the Late Helladic IIIB period (see Finné et al 2017, Weiberg and, we employ modern climate station information and relate them to the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI, McKee et al 1993). The idea is based on the study of Beckers and Schütt (2013) and assumes that general atmospheric dynamics are similar between today and the period under study. The R package SPEI (Beguería and Vicente-Serrano 2017) is employed to calculate SPEI values.…”

Section: Changing Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use patterns and climate change—a modeled scenario of the Late Bronze Age in Southern Greece

Knitter

Günther

Hamer

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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In this study, we present a modeling approach that investigates how much cultivable land was required to supply a society and whether societies were in need when environmental conditions deteriorated. The approach is implemented for the North-Eastern Peloponnese and is based upon the location of Late Helladic IIIB (1300-1200 BCE) archaeological sites, an assessment of their sizes, and a proposed diet of the people. Based on these information, the areal requirement of each site is calculated and mapped. The results show that large sites do not have sufficient space in their surroundings in order to supply themselves with the required food resources and thus they depended on supplies from the hinterland. Dry climatic conditions aggravate the situation. This indicates that potential societal crisis are less a factor of changing environmental conditions or a shortage of arable land but primarily caused by socio-economic factors.

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“…Floods are considered to be natural disasters that cause particularly many tragedies [3,7]. One of the means of ensuring the safety of flood-endangered areas near the flotation tailings landfills and rivers is to raise the flood embankments [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of neural reconstruction of tomographic images in the problem of reliability of flood protection facilities

Rymarczyk¹,

Kłosowski²

2018

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability

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Article citation info: (*) Tekst artykułu w polskiej wersji językowej dostępny w elektronicznym wydaniu kwartalnika na stronie www.ein.org.pl IntroductionThe exploitation of flood defences -such as dams and flood banks -is of key value that heavily impacts the security of people, animals and plants that lay within the area of the object. There are two main types of issues that may appear as a result of improper exploitation of such pieces of infrastructure. The first threat is a physical damage of the embankment, which may result in a breach. The other is the leakage of such a structure -in case of reservoirs that contain fluid chemical compound waste it might lead to a vast range of contamination.

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The elaborate floodwater harvesting system of ancient Resafa in Syria – Construction and reliability

Cited by 14 publications

References 67 publications

Poorly known 2018 floods in Bosra UNESCO site and Sergiopolis in Syria unveiled from space using Sentinel-1/2 and COSMO-SkyMed

Poorly known 2018 floods in Bosra UNESCO site and Sergiopolis in Syria unveiled from space using Sentinel-1/2 and COSMO-SkyMed

Land use patterns and climate change—a modeled scenario of the Late Bronze Age in Southern Greece

Application of neural reconstruction of tomographic images in the problem of reliability of flood protection facilities

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